WYTRANS 2011

1. WYTRANS 2011 SafetyThroughAwareness WOHS / DHS

2. OBJECTIVES • Understand the current threat • Recognize potential indicators • Safety Action Plans • Reasonable responses • Insure the safety of operators and passengers

3. WHAT IS IT? • Is it Terrorism? • What is Terrorism? • How does it differ from Criminal Acts?

4. THREAT AWARENESS • Incidents Targeting Transportation • Pre-dates 9/11 • 200 attacks from 1997-2000 • Historical Incidents and Practices • Rail, aviation, bus, maritime • Nationally • Aviation, Rail, Mass transit

5. Most Terrorism In U.S. Remains Issue-Oriented • 176 attacks , including the four 9/11 attacks; of the 172 remaining attacks • Only 1 transportation attack: 4/7/2008 sabotage of a freight rail car in Kansas City; eco-terrorists suspected. • The attacks break down roughly like this: • 36% against abortion institutions by individuals or extreme anti-abortion groups • 28% against businesses and other targets by unknown individuals. There was an increase in “unknown” neo-Nazi and white supremacist attacks in 2008 against African American and Jewish institutions. • 21% against institutions by the Earth Liberation Front • 14% against institutions by the Animal Liberation Front • 3 attacks by KKK and 1 by the Republic of Texas • Note: McVeigh targeted US agencies and their employees; other civilians were “acceptable collateral damage” MTI Proprietary: No Publication without Attribution

6. TRANSIT BY THE NUMBERS • Public surface transit is valuable, open target: 2,916 attacks and 7,212 deaths since 1970. Since 9/12, 1,728 attacks have killed 3,729 people while 75 air attacks have killed only 157 • Public surface transit hit most where it is used the most. • 71% of attacks cause no causalities. They fail or are designed to only disrupt. Average median lethality is low. • But Jihadist attacks are far more lethal than others, a disturbing development. • 25 million children ride a school bus every day. • Buses are attacked more but train attacks are more lethal. MTI Proprietary: No Publication without Attribution

7. POINTS TO PONDER • Explosives dominate but are often not most lethal: • Enclosed spaces that contain blast effects increase lethality. • Single bombs dominate: Multiple devices can but don’t always increase lethality. • Some multiple devices are aimed at responders. • Suicide delivery of bombs • Is more likely in bus targets and far more lethal in train targets. • Infrastructure attacks appear designed to disrupt. • Awareness counts: 16.2% of all bomb attacks stopped by the alert operators. MTI Proprietary: No Publication without Attribution

8. WORKPLACE VIOLENCE • School shootings- 1985 VA • -WY lead early in Cokeville 1986 • Gone “Postal” • Incidental location • Passing or at their venue • Domestic Violence • Mental illness

9. VULNERABILITIES • Predictability • Routes with published schedules • Bus Barns and motor pools • Bus stops • Verified callers/ locations for pick up services • Unattended vehicles • Isolated areas

10. VULNERABILITIES • Weather • Visibility -distance and darkness • Cyclic Crowds • Unmarked bags • Driver to passenger ratios and special needs • Traffic

11. BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS • Expected Behaviors • Time of day, location • Type of passenger • Type of parcels and packages • Other Traffic • Drop off and pick up sites

12. SIGNS OF TERORISM • Surveillance • Elicitation • Tests of security • Funding • Acquiring supplies • Impersonation • Rehearsal • Deployment

13. ANOMALIES • People • Passengers • Non-passengers Traffic Vehicles- parked or in motion Packages

14. IDENTIFYING THREATS • People • On or off bus • Places • Scheduled stops • Requested pick ups • Incidental to your route • Packages • On or off bus

15. SAFETY ACTION PLANS • What are they? • Part of planning to address • Preventive practices • Threats • Incident Management • Mitigation

16. THREATS • How was the threat received • Called in • Note or graffiti • In person • Driver recognized Nature of the threat Imminent or immediate

17. MITIGATION • Prevention • Practices, GPS, two way communication • Threats - Validity or credibility • Incidents • Agencies involved

18. INCIDENT MANAGEMENT • Dealing with the threat • Addressing the Incident • Response from -Police - Fire -Transportation agency

19. INCIDENT • Continuity Plans (COOP) • Contingency for passengers • On bus and waiting for the bus • Type of delay (hours, weeks) Interactions with Law Enforcement -Unknown threat/participants -You and your passengers

20. FOUND ITEMS • At an office- • How did it get there? • Package markings • On the bus or along the route • Suspicious or unattended • Identifiable • Don’t touch • VBIED

21. SAFETY ACTION PLANS • Who do you call? • Who is involved? • When should you notify someone? • Do other employee’s know the plan? • Do other agencies know your plan? • How do you protect you? • How do you care for your passengers?

22. SAFETY ACTION PLANS • Implement the whole plan? • Partial plan? • Who has the ability to make the decisions? • What are your limitations? • Your responsibility? • Your passenger’s role?

23. Summary • People dictate the success of the outcome • Have a plan and truly exercise it • Involve all of your partners • Passengers as well as agencies Follow safe practices Exercise reasonable security measures

24. Summary • QUESTIONS??? • Bob Uhrich, TSA • 307-995-3609