You should always drive very carefully near schools. We should obey the law all times.

1. Which sentence(s) show that “this is a good thing to do in general”? Which sentence(s) show that “this is a good thing to to do now”? • You shouldalways drive very carefully near schools. • We should obey the law all times. • We’re late(now). We’d betterphone John. • We’re late(now). We shouldphone John.

2. 1) We use hadbetterandshouldto say “This is a goodthing to do now”. Example: We’re late(now). We’dbetterphoneMum. OR WeshouldphoneMum. 2)We use should, BUT NOT hadbetter, to say “This is a goodthing to do in general”. Examples: Youshouldalways drive verycarefullynearschools. (Don’t use hadbetter here) Weshouldobeythelawall times. (Don’t use hadbetter here) Had better x should

3. Use ‘d better where it’s possible; in other places use should 1) ‘I can’t move the fingers of my left hand.’ You________ go to hospital. 2) Everyone in the world_____get enough food to eat. 3) If you don’t like the cats, you _____not come with us to his house. 4) If you see an accident , you _______ remember the time. 5) Oh, no look-my car window’s broken. I_____call the police. 6) Teachers _______mark homework and give it back as soon as possible. 7)The swimming pool closes in ten minutes;We ____swim now. 8)People _____drive more slowly when it’s raining.

4. Use ‘d better where it’s possible; in other places use should 1) ‘I can’t move the fingers of my left hand.’ You’d better go to hospital. 2) Everyone in the world should get enough food to eat. 3) If you don’t like the cats, you ‘d better not come with us to his house. 4) If you see an accident , you should remember the time. 5) Oh, no look-my car window’s broken. I’d better call the police. 6) Teachers should mark homework and give it back as soon as possible. 7)The swimming pool closes in ten minutes;We’d better swim now. 8)People should drive more slowly when it’s raining.

5. Which sentences give advice? Which sentences show what is morally right or wrong to do? We ought not to tell lies. You should revise for the exam. We ought to give money to charity.

6. Should x ought to They have very similar meanings.We use either should or ought to to give advice, to express obligation and in general to say what we think it is right or good for people to do. Examples: . You ought to/should go and see “Avatar”-it’s a great film. . You should/ought to revise for the exam.

7. Should x ought to: Is there a difference? • Ought to is more formal than should and used less frequently. We prefer to use it when we are talking about laws, duties and regulations(or when we want to make our opinion a strong as a law) and when it is a morally right or wrong to do something Examples: • We ought to vote even if they don’t agree with any of the candidates. • We oughtn’t to tell lies. • We should go/ought to go and see that film.

8. Should x ought to: form .You ought to/should go and see “Avatar”-it’s a great film. . You should/ought to revise for the exam. Ought to + infinitive Ought not to + infinitive Should + infinitive Should not + infinitive=shouldn’t + infinitive

9. Use ought to or should. • You _______help other people at all times. • He _______ clean his car-it´s very dirty. • She __________ go near the dog-it’s dangerous. • He ________steal money from his friends. • I ______ buy some new socks. • We _______give money to charity. • She ________be faithful to her husband. • It’s late. We ______ call the police. • Everyone ______obey the law.

10. Use ought or should. • You ought to help other people at all times. • He should clean his car-it´s very dirty. • She shouldn’t go near the dog-it’s dangerous. • He oughtn’t to steal money from his friends. • I should buy some new socks. • We ought to give money to charity. • She ought to be faithful to her husband. • It’s late. We should call the police. • Everyone ought to obey the law.

11. Who obliges the person to stop smoking in each case? Which case expresses the feelings of the speaker, an obligation imposed by the speaker? 1.1 I must stop smoking. 1.2 I’ve got to stop smoking-doctor’s orders. Which case expresses an obligation that comes from “outside? ? Are they talking about obligation or suggestions?

12. Obligation: Have (got) to x must Must: it expresses thefeelingsandwishesofthespeaker/hearer-forexample, to giveorask for orders.If I saythatyouor I must do something, I probablymeanthat I feelit’snecesary. Have to: It often expresses obligationsthat come from “outside”,for example, If I saythatsomebodyhas to do something, I probablymeanthatanotherpersonwants it doneorthere is a law, regulation, rule, agreementandotherpersonorder. Examples: 1.1 I muststop smoking.(I want to) 1.2 I’vegot to stop smoking-(doctor’sorders). 2.1 Mustyouwearthosedirty jeans?(Is thatwhatyouwant?) 2.2Do youhave to wear a tieat work? (Is there a rule?) 2.3 Youreallymustgo to churchnextSunday-youhaven’tbeen for ages. (I’mtellingyou)

13. Put in have (got) to or must. 1)I’m tired. I _____go to bed early. 2) Jonh ____go to school on Saturdays. 3)We ___get another dog soon. 4)This is a great book. I ____ read it. 5) A soldier ____ obey orders. 6) We ____ go to London for a meeting. 7) I think we _____ pay in advance.

14. Put in have (got) to or must. 1)I’m tired. I must go to bed early. 2) Jonh has to go to school on Saturdays. 3)We must get another dog soon. 4)This is a great book. I must read it. 5) A soldier has to obey orders. 6) We have got to go to London for a meeting. 7) I think we have got to pay in advance.

15. Must not x do not have to Must not=mustn’t: it’s used in prohibitions (negative orders) Do not have to: it’s used to say something is unnecessary, but I can do if I want to. Examples: .Students must not have bikes in front of the library.(it’s forbidden) .Passengers mustn’t speak to the driver.(it’s forbidden) .Friday’s a holiday-I don’t have to work.(it’s not necessary to work) .You don’t have to pay now-tomorrow is ok.(it’s not necessary to pay now, only if you want.)

16. Complete using must not x don’t have to • Students ____ask for permission to stay out after midnight. • Bikes_____ be parked in the front yard. • British subjects_____get visas to travel in Wester Europe. • You_____pay for the ticket now. • It’s rained a lot, so we____water the garden. • They _____play music after 10p.m.

17. Complete using must not x don’t have to • Students don’t have to ask for permission to stay out after midnight. • Bikes must not be parked in the front yard. • British subjects don’t have to get visas to travel in Wester Europe. • You don’t have to pay for the ticket now. • It’s rained a lot, so we don’t have to water the garden. • They must not play music after 10p.m.