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Muscles. Do you have more bones or more muscles in your body? Y ou have more than 600 muscles in your body. They do everything from pumping blood throughout your body to helping you lift your heavy backpack. Do you control your muscles?
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Muscles • Do you have more bones or more muscles in your body? • You have more than 600 muscles in your body. They do everything from pumping blood throughout your body to helping you lift your heavy backpack. • Do you control your muscles? • You control some of your muscles, while others — like your heart — do their jobs without you thinking about them at all.
Muscles • Do all of your muscles have the same job? • No! You have three different types of muscles in your body: smooth muscle, cardiacmuscle, and skeletal muscle.
Muscles • What does Smooth Muscle do? • Smooth muscles — sometimes also called involuntary muscles — are usually in sheets, or layers, with one layer of muscle behind the other. You can't control this type of muscle. But smooth muscles are at work all over your body. In your stomach and digestive system, they contract (tighten up) and relax to push food through the body.
Muscles • What does Cardiac Muscle do? • The muscle that makes up the heart is called cardiac muscle. The thick muscles of the heart contract to pump blood out and then relax to let blood back in after it has circulated through the body. Just like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle works all by itself with no help from you.
Muscles • What does Skeletal Muscle do? • Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, which means you can control what they do. Together, the skeletal muscles work with your bones to give your body power and strength. In most cases, a skeletal muscle is attached to one end of a bone. It stretches all the way across a joint and then attaches again to another bone.
What are the three main types of muscle found in your body? Cardiac Muscle – Involuntary muscle that makes up the heart. Smooth Muscle – Involuntary muscle that is found in the walls of many of our organs. Skeletal Muscle – Voluntary muscle that is connected to our bones.
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscle? How do word parts help you remember this?
Why is it important to exercise both kinds of muscles? What happens if you don’t use a specific muscle for a long time?
Muscles that aren’t used begin to weaken and shrivel up. They can no longer due their job.
Stephen Hawking is one of the most famous scientists of modern times. He studies the relationship between space and time, and has been researching black holes. Despite his challenging physical impairments, Hawking has contributed much to the world of science and has helped spread ideas to the general public with the release of accessible books such as ‘A Brief History of Time’.
Why does Stephen Hawking use a wheelchair to move and a computer to speak? Hawking has a disorder known as ALS, which causes the motor neurons in the brain to die. If the brain stopped telling the muscle to move, what would happen to the muscles? What would the long-term effects of this be?
Atrophy is also a serious problem for astronauts who spend long periods of time in space. Because there is little or no gravity, their muscles don’t need to work as hard. Why would this be a problem for their voluntary muscles? Why would this be a problem for their involuntary muscles?
Building on the success of Curiosity's landing on Mars, NASA announced plans for a new robotic science rover set to launch in 2020. The proposed 2020 rover mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the red planet. Designed to advance high-priority science goals for Mars exploration, the mission would address key questions about the potential for life on Mars. The mission would also provide opportunities to gather knowledge and demonstrate technologies that address the challenges of future human expeditions to Mars.
Experiment with Exercise • Find the Exercise Appendix at the back of the student book. In your journal create this chart. • Choose an exercise from the list that could be safely completed in the classroom for each category and write it down in the exercise column.
You will perform each of the exercises you selected for 1 minute each! Following each exercise you will record your observations about how it made you feel.
Record your observations and thoughts in your journal. Did all the exercises have the same effect on your body? Support your claim with evidence. Which exercises stretched your muscles? Which exercises tired your muscles? Which exercises made you breathe hard? Which exercises made your heart beat fast? Which exercises helped you relax your muscles? Which exercise would you do again? Did you feel differently after you exercised? Support your claim with evidence.
Read and answer the questions. • Staple into your journal.
