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VISION SCREENING CERTIFICATION For Student Nurses. School Nurse will be able to :. Assess knowledge of the vision law and responsibilities Explain the importance of vision screening. Identify the components of a vision screening and the pass/fail criteria for each.
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School Nurse will be able to: • Assess knowledge of the vision law and responsibilities • Explain the importance of vision screening. • Identify the components of a vision screening and the pass/fail criteria for each. • Demonstrate operation of the approved vision screening instruments. • List age-appropriate vision screening procedures. • Identify components of the referral, follow-up and reporting process.
Act 1438 of 2005 • An Act To Mandate Eye And Vision Screening Procedures And Tests For Children • ADE Rules Governing Eye & Vision Screening Report in AR Public Schools www.arkansascsh.org Arkansas Laws and School Health
Importance • One in 20 preschoolers has a vision problem. • One in 5-10 school-aged children has a vision problem. • Impaired vision can seriously impede learning. • Early identification and treatment can prevent or at least alleviate many vision problems.
Purpose • To screen a large number of children in a short amount of time. • To separate those children likely to have vision problems from those not likely to. • To refer those children who do not pass the screening or who are suspect for vision problems.
Landmarks of Visual Development 4-12 wks Binocular fixation 12-20 wks 20/200 44 wks-12 mo 20/50 - 20/100 Full binocular vision Amblyopia may develop 6 -18 mo Convergence developed 18 mo-2 yrs Accommodation developed 20/40 2-3 yrs 20/30 5 yrs Min. potential for amblyopia 6 yrs Approaches 20/20
Entropion Of upper eyelid due to scarring Of lower eyelid
Strabismus Types • Tropia • Eyes which are always improperly aligned • Phoria • Eyes which have a tendency to misalign when fusion is interrupted
Refractive Errors Myopia (Nearsightedness) Hyperopia (Farsightedness) Astigmatism
Amblyopia: Definition Vision that cannot be corrected to better than 20/40. Unilateral or bilateral Brain suppresses poor image Normal appearance Reversible if detected and treated early
Amblyopia Predisposing Factors Poor clarity Cataract Poor focus Nearsightedness Farsightedness Poor aim Strabismus Treatment Clearing the media Cataract removal Focusing the image Corrective lenses Correcting aim Occlusion therapy Drops
Usher’s Syndrome Hearing Loss and Retinitis Pigmentosa Screen children with hearing loss
Resource Arkansas School for the Blind PO Box 668 Little Rock, AR. 72203 1-800-362-4451 501-683-5104
Children to Screen Grades Pre K, K, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and all transfer students Note: Pre K is only 4 year olds on a school campus.
Observation Appearance Behavior Complaints
Appearance • Whites • Iris • Pupil • Lids • Lashes • Immediate referral if abnormal
Behavior • Head tilt or turn • Blinking or rubbing • Avoiding close work • Squinting/frowning • Closing or covering eye • Reading problems • Frustration/poor attention
Complaints • Headaches • Nausea • Dizziness • Burning or itching • Blurring
Visual Acuity • Screen one eye at a time. • If a child wears glasses, perform the screening with the child wearing the glasses. • Any eye with vision less than or equal to 20/40 shall result in a screen failure. (Means student must be able to read most of the 20/30 line)
Wall Charts • Screen at 20 feet – Snellen Chart • Literate children • Screen at 10 feet – Age Appropriate Chart • Allen Chart/Tumbling E’s • Pre-literate children/non-English speaking