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Literary Response and Analysis

Enhance literary comprehension by analyzing devices like metaphor and symbol. Practice with sample questions for CAHSEE success.

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Literary Response and Analysis

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  1. Literary Response and Analysis CAHSEE

  2. F.L.T Today, I will be able to… • read and understand stories, poems, plays, and essays • analyze common literary devices and figurative languages in texts • identify character traits, conflicts, and relationships, and analyze patterns and themes • So that I can pass the CAHSEE.

  3. What is this strand all about… • There are about _______ multiple-choice questions. It is the _______ tested strand on the CAHSEE. • The questions will measure your _____________________________ and _____________________ skills. • You will read passages that are followed by a series of ____ to ____ multiple choice _______________. • Some of these skills are more ________________________ than other. • For example, some questions may simply ask you the _________ idea, while others will ask you the meaning of particular _________________________ or ___________________ in a passage. 20 most analytical comprehension 3 6 questions difficult main metaphor symbol

  4. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE Personification Definition: To give an animal, object, or idea characteristics that are considered _________ Example: The branches groaned under the weight of the snow. Meaning: The author has given the tree the human ability to groan. human

  5. Metaphor Definition:   A word or phrase that compares two different things, but does not use the words like or as Example: The toddler was a tornado, ripping and tearing through the house. Meaning: The author compares the toddler to a ______________. tornado

  6. Simile Definition: A phrase that compares two things using the words like or as Example: The discarded umbrella lay crumpled _______ a dead bat. Meaning: The author compares an umbrella to a bat, using the word like. like

  7. Symbol Definition: An object that stands for something with greater meaning, often an abstract concept Example: She gave her heart to him and he cast it aside. Meaning: Heart is a symbol of devoted __________. love

  8. Let’s examine the following figurative language questions. 1. In this line from poem, the word whispered suggests that the wind is- The wind whispered its secret to me… • A. a movement of air. • a small gust. • a person. • a scent. Reasoning for your answer: 2. What is the meaning of the phrase class clown in the following sentence? Mike was the class clown, always telling a joke or a silly story in science homeroom. •    Mike was a toy doll. • Mike was a circus performer. • Mike was a funny person. • Mike was the school mascot. Reasoning for your answer:

  9. 3. Which sentence is an example of a simile? • The waves were rough and frightening. • The waves turned into a frothing, mad fury. • The waves became angry and threatening. • The waves were like grabbing, violent hands. • Reasoning for your answer: 4. What kind of figure of speech does the writer use to help us visualize the mob? The large mob swarmed the state capitol like angry bees. • metaphor • simile • idiom • symbol Reasoning for your answer:

  10. 5. In the passage, what do pineapples symbolize to the narrator? I always look forward to summer when pineapples are fresh and ripe. After I take a bite of pineapple, I always remember the first time I tried pineapple with my parents while on vacation as a young child. • warm weather • the grocery produce section • a childhood memory • backyard barbecues Reasoning for your answer:

  11. Elements of Fiction • You need to be able to identify the tools such as plot, _______________, characters, narrator, and _______________in works of literature. setting conflict

  12. Plot The sequence of _____________________ that make up a story. • Exposition: ______________________________________ • _____________________: the conflict begins. • Climax: _________________________________________ • ______________________: the conflict begins to get resolved. • Resolution: ______________________________________ events Setting; characters are introduced Rising Action the height of the action Falling Action How the story ends

  13. Conflict • A ___________ that the main character faces in a story. Types of conflict: • Character vs. Character • Character vs. Self • Character vs. Nature/Technology • Character vs. Society challenge

  14. Plot Chart: Babysitting Adventure

  15. Plot & Conflict questions Which of the following BEST explains Darius and Jose’s problem in the story? • They needed money to get hockey equipment. • Their brothers and sisters started to get out of control. • Jose’s parents didn’t trust them. • They didn’t have any confidence in themselves. Reasoning for your answer: Which of the following is the BEST inference of what will happen next? • Darius and Jose raise enough money to buy their brothers and sisters new hockey equipment. • Their brothers and sisters start to get out of control again. • Jose’s parents are proud of Jose for his hard work. • Jose and Darius’s parents ask the boys to babysit again. Reasoning for your answer:

  16. Setting The time and _______ that a story takes place. Which of the following BEST describes the setting of “Babysitting Adventure”? • a school cafeteria • a suburban home • an isolated farmhouse • a restaurant Reasoning for your answer: place

  17. Character • Those who participate in a ______________. • The main characters are also called _________ . • The secondary characters are called __________________. • Protagonist: the character who faces the main _________and is involved in the climax and resolution of the story. • Subordinate: all the __________ characters. • Who are the protagonists in “Babysitting Adventure”? a story conflict protagonist other subordinate

  18. Character Motivation Definition: each main character in a story has ______________for his or her actions. They are often motivated by their own ______________ and _________________ with other characters. reasons conflicts relationships

  19. Character Motivation INTERNAL MOTIVATION External Motivation A character may also be motivated by the actions of the ________ characters in the story. To determine a character’s motivation, you may want to ask yourself the following questions: What is the character’s goal? Why is the character acting that way? What is the character reacting to? A character may be _________by his goals or ______________ conflicts other motivated internal

  20. Reread “Babysitting Adventure” to answer the following questions. How do you think Darius’s and Jose’s parents react to the boys’ babysitting? • Both sets of parents are impressed. • Jose’s parents upset and Darius’s parents are supportive. • Jose’s parents are angry and Darius’s parents are sad. • Darius’s parents are happy and Jose’s parents are mad. Reasoning for your answer:

  21. Another Example for character motivation What motivates Darius to seize control of his siblings and start giving orders to “Babysitting Adventure”? • He had a bossy nature. • He wanted his parents to trust his babysitting skills. • He was angry with his sister. • Jose didn’t seem to care, so he had to do something. Reasoning for your answer:

  22. Characterization Definition: description of character’s _________________, motivations, and conflicts. An author can introduce a character to the reader in several ways: • What the character says about himself • What the narrator and other characters say about the character • The character’s own actions To get to know a characters as your read a story, you may want to ask the following questions as you read: • How would I introduce this character to one of my friends? • Could I be friends with this character? Why or why not? • What is the character going to do next? traits

  23. Read the excerpt from the story “Family Ties” and answer the characterization questions that follow. Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between the narrator and Ms. Gretch? • Ms. Gretch is the narrator’s grandmother. • Ms. Gretch is the narrator’s landlady. • Ms. Gretch is the narrator’s neighbor. • Ms. Gretch is the narrator’s landlady but acts like her grandmother. Reasoning for your answer: What kind of person is Roger in the story? • Roger is troubled and distant from his family. • Roger is a criminal. • Roger is a dedicated son. • Roger is happy and distant. Reasoning for your answer:

  24. Which of the following characteristics of Ms. Gretch is emphasized most in the passage? • her artistic nature • her love and generosity • her frugality • her confidence Reasoning for your answer:

  25. Point of View Definition: the use of a ____________or ____________________ that tells the story. narrator outside observer

  26. TYPES OF POINT OF VIEW character First person: a narrator who is also a _____________ in the story. They tell the story as he or she______________ it, and how he or she ____________ about the action in the story. The pronouns ______, ________, and ________ are used. Example: I got off the train in San Francisco with Julia ready to start our adventure. We weren’t sure where we were going to live or how we were going to support ourselves, but we knew we were ready to take on our exciting new life. sees feels I me you

  27. outside Third person: a narrator who is an ___________ observer and _____a character in the story. The pronouns ______, ______, and _______ are used. Example: Jessica and Julia arrived in San Francisco on a Monday morning. They got off the train loaded with suitcases and bags. Their smiles showed excitement and anticipation as they stood in the middle of the train station deciding where to go. not he she they

  28. Third-person omniscient: a narrator who is an outside observer of the action in the story who also has the ability to ___________ the thoughts and the emotions of all the characters in the story. The pronouns ______, ______, and _______ are used. Example: Jessica and Julia arrived in San Francisco early in the morning. They were both very excited about starting a new life, but Julia was especially nervous about finding a place to live. Julia had two job interviews set up for the next day, but Jessica had none. As Jessica loaded her arms with luggage, she worried about finding a job in this large new city. read he she they

  29. Reread “Babysitting Adventure” to answer the following question. From whose point of view is the story told? • Darius • Jose • third-person point of view • third-person omniscient Reasoning for your answer:

  30. Elements of Poetry • A ____________is a text that uses words artistically in order to create a mental ____________and convey a _____________. • Poets rely on special tools called ____________ devices. • You may be required to identify the meaning of ___________ language and ____________ devices. poem picture message poetic figurative poetic

  31. Imagery Definition: a word or phrase that creates a mental ____________ in the readers’ ___________ that appeals to the ___________ senses. Five senses: • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ taste picture touch smell mind sight five hear

  32. Repetition Definition: _____________ words or phrases in poems to emphasize an idea or ____________ of the poem. In Mending Walls, the poet repeats two lines: • “Good fences make good neighbors.” • _________________________________________ repeat the theme “Something there is that doesn’t love a wall”

  33. Symbolism Symbols • _______________ are objects that stand for something of greater meaning. • Poets use _______________to emphasize the theme of the poem. Read the following lines from the poem. He is all pine and I am apple orchard. My apple trees will never get across And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him. What does the author convey from these sentences? • what each person grows on his land • the purpose of the wall • that there is no purpose for the wall because the neighbors do not pose a danger to each other • what each neighbor thinks about the wall symbols

  34. Which of the following lines is an example of personification? • He only says, ‘Good fences make good neighbors’ • Before I built a wall I’d ask to know / What I was walling in or walling out • My apple trees will never get across / And eat the cones under his pines • The gaps I mean, No one has seen them made or heard them made / But at spring mending-time we find them there Reasoning for your answer:

  35. Allegory • In an allegory, the setting, events, ____________, and objects in the story are ___________ for something of greater meaning. • Fables are stories in which animals, plants, and objects are given __________ traits in order to illustrate a _______________. These are examples of _____________. characters symbols human moral allegory

  36. Elements of Drama • Drama is a form of literature that is meant to be _______________on stage. • Drama has the same elements of fiction and poetry such as plot, _____________, characters, figurative language, and setting, but the story is created differently. • When you read drama on page, it is not organized in ________________; instead, it is a series of ___________ for the actors and directions to the ______________ of the play. performed conflict paragraphs lines director

  37. Read the excerpt from the following scene of a play and use the sidebars to identify the elements of drama. Dialogue Soliloquy Definition: a long _____________ given by a character in a drama that is not directed at anyone in the play. It is meant for the ____________ and usually gives the audience information about the character’s _____________ or motivations speech Definition: a ______________ between two or more characters on the stage. The use of dialogue helps to _____________ the plot of the drama forward and ____________ characters. Also, provides _____________ for the characters in the play in two ways: allowing the characters to describe _______________ through what they say, and allowing characters to talk about _______ other. speech move create audience characterization themselves background each

  38. What is the purpose of Georgiana’s soliloquy in the passage? • to describe how Mr. Harriman looks • to let the audience know that Georgiana is uneasy about Mr. Harriman • to explain why Georgiana wants a roommate • to explain Mr. Harriman’s strange behavior Reasoning for your answer

  39. Asides Definition: a short remark in the _____________ of other characters, but is meant only for the _______________. What character traits do Mr. Harriman’s asides reveal about him? • He is stern and hardworking. • He is funny and not very serious. • He is relaxed and warm. • He is deceitful and uneasy. Reasoning for your answer: presence audience

  40. Theme message Definition: the _____________ of a story or poem that the author is trying to convey. The theme _____________ all of the elements of the passages and gives them a single __________ of conveying a _______________ to the reader. The following questions may help you identify the theme of a passage: • How do characters _______? Do they set a good example or a bad example, and what can a reader learn from their actions and consequences? • Does the action in the story __________ a particular message? • How does figurative language ____________ a message? • Is the setting ____________ or happy? act connects purpose message highlight emphasize gloomy

  41. Reread “Family Ties” to answer the question. Which of the following themes is developed in the story? • Neighbors should be friendly. • Family are the people who are closest to you rather than people related by blood. • Renting an apartment is better living in a house. • Landladies should be generous. Reasoning for your answer:

  42. Tone and Mood Two of the puzzle pieces that can help you understand the __________ of a story, play, or poem are __________ and mood. theme tone

  43. Mood feeling The __________________ that is conveyed to a reader while reading a story or poem. (How the words make you feel.) Ask yourself the following question:  • What emotions does this poem make me feel? For example, what is the mood of the following sentence? How do the words help create the mood? The gleeful kids sang with delight as they danced around the radiant campfire and roasted scrumptious marshmallows. The mood of the sentence is _____________________. happy

  44. Tone attitude the _______________ that a piece of writing expresses to the reader. (How the speaker feels.) Ask yourself the following question: •  What is the author trying to tell me about her attitude? For example, what is the character’s tone in the following sentence? How do the words help create the tone? I knew you would lose the keys! I never should have trusted you! What do you expect me to do now?” The tone of the sentence is _______________________. angry/resentment

  45. Reread Mending Wall and answer the following question.   Which pair of words BEST describes the tone of this poem? • happy and carefree • awe and amazement • frustration and annoyance • anger and distrust Reasoning for your answer

  46. Author’s purpose • Authors usually write with a particular ________ in mind. • This goal is what the author intends the reader to take ___________ from the text. • There are four main purposes: to inform,_____________, persuade, and _________________. goal away describe narrate

  47. Inform or describe Example: Instruction manuals, newspaper articles, biographies Characteristics: ___________________, facts, statistics, data Author’s Goal: to tell the reader about a particular topic nonfiction

  48. Persuade Example: Newspaper, editorials, ______________, advertisements Characteristics: Opinions, examples, supporting facts and data Author’s Goal: to convince the reader to do or believe something speeches

  49. Narrate Example: Fiction, poetry Characteristics: Figurative language, hyperbole Author’s Goal: To create _______________ within the reader emotion

  50. Reread Mending Wall to answer the following question. In addition to the chart, you can ask the following questions as you read a text in order to identify the author’s purpose: • What does the author want me to take away from the _______________? • Why is the _________________ writing this? • What ____________________ of the specific purpose does the author include? What is the author’s main purpose in the poem? • to entertain his neighbor • to describe the relationship between two neighbors • to inform his neighbor about building a wall • to persuade people to build walls Reasoning for your answer: text author characteristics

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