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COMT 222

COMT 222. Tools for a Digital World. Digital?. What makes information Digital? If it helps: When is information not analog? Answer: A finite number of “symbols” A fixed time associated with a symbol. OK, so what is a symbol?. Conveys a digital value

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COMT 222

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  1. COMT 222 Tools for a Digital World

  2. Digital? • What makes information Digital? • If it helps: • When is information not analog? • Answer: • A finite number of “symbols” • A fixed time associated with a symbol

  3. OK, so what is a symbol? • Conveys a digital value • Transmitted at a given “symbol rate”, i.e. • A circuit sends a certain number of symbols per second • A symbol takes a fixed amount of time to send • In practice a symbol represents a certain number of bits

  4. Binary • Is the simplest form of a digital symbol • Each binary “symbol” can represent either a 0 or a 1 • If a unit of information (often called a symbol) is one bit long, it can send two values

  5. Binary Numbers • Converting to and from binary • Position values:

  6. Binary/Decimal Conversion • Convert to decimal: • 1 • 11 • 111 • 1111 • 1010 • Convert to binary: 27

  7. A related issue • Given a number of bits, how many symbols can you make? • 1 bit: 0 to 1 • 2 bits: 00 to 11 • 3 bits: 000 to 111

  8. Hexadecimal • Binary numbers have lots of digits • Using another number system allows grouping of bits • Hexadecimal digits (and their values): • (What is 15 in binary?)

  9. Bit Groups as Hex Digits

  10. Hex to and From Decimal • Convert • 180 to hex • 0x3e to decimal

  11. Application - ASCII • Text is digital • Need to agree on “encoding” • What string of bits do we assign to • COMT 222 • ASCII (in hex) • 43 4F 4D 54 20 32 32 32

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