KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

1. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

2. FL NGSSS SC.912.L.14.3 • Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells

3. Cells have an internal structure. • Epifluorescence microscopy; magnification 750 X. • The cytoskeleton includes microtubules( green) and microfilaments (red).

4. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions.

5. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. • supports and shapes cell

6. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. • supports and shapes cell • helps position and transport organelles

7. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. • supports and shapes cell • helps position and transport organelles • provides strength

8. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. • supports and shapes cell • helps position and transport organelles • provides strength • assists in cell division

9. Cells have an internal structure. • The cytoskeleton has many functions. • supports and shapes cell • helps position and transport organelles • provides strength • assists in cell division • aids in cell movement

10. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.

11. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • colored SEM; magnification 90,000X

12. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • The endoplasmic reticulum aids in the production of proteins and lipids. • colored TEM; magnification 20,000 X

13. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.

14. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. • rough endoplasmic reticulum

15. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. • rough endoplasmic reticulum • smooth endoplasmic reticulum

16. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued)

17. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.

18. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187 Assembly, Transport, and Storage Golgi Apparatus

19. Golgi Apparatus • Function • finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins • like UPS headquarters • shipping & receiving department • ships proteins in vesicles • “UPS trucks” • Structure • membrane sacs vesicles carrying proteins transport vesicles

20. Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) • Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins. • Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials. • colored SEM; magnification 20,000X

21. TO: TO: TO: endoplasmicreticulum nucleus proteinon its way! DNA RNA vesicle vesicle ribosomes TO: protein finishedprotein Golgi apparatus Making Proteins

22. Other organelles have various functions.

23. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • colored TEM; magnification 33,000X

24. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • colored TEM; magnification 9000X

25. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187 Vacuoles and storage Vacuolesare membrane-bound spaces used for temporary storage of materials. Notice the difference between vacuoles in plant and animal cells. Plant Cell Vacuole Animal Cell

26. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • colored TEM; magnification 9000X

27. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. • colored TEM; magnification 35,000X

28. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. • Centrioles help divide DNA.

29. Other organelles have various functions. • Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. • Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. • Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. • Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. • Centrioles help divide DNA. • Centrioles form cilia and flagella.

30. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.

31. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. • A cell wall provides rigid support. • LM; magnification 3000X

32. Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. • A cell wall provides rigid support. • Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy. • colored TEM; magnification 21,000X

33. PLANT CELLS : - HAVE CHLOROPLASTS (for photosynthesis—makes sugar) - NO CENTRIOLES - HAVE A CELL WALL AND CELL MEMBRANE - HAVE A LARGE VACUOLE ANIMAL CELLS : -NO CHLOROPLASTS -HAVE CENTRIOLES -HAVE A CELL MEMBRANE BUT NO CELL WALL -HAVE SMALL VACUOLES PLANT VERSUS ANIMAL CELL

34. Cell Summary • Cells have 3 main jobs • make energy • need food + O2 • cellular respiration & photosynthesis • need to remove wastes • make proteins • need instructions from DNA • need to chain together amino acids & “finish” & “ship” the protein • make more cells • need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells Our organellesdo all thosejobs!

35. Common Misconception: Because of the ways cells are portrayed, with only a few representatives of each organelle shown, students may think of a cell as a bag of cytoplasm with a loose assortment of organelles floating about. • Correcting the Misconception: Quantitative analysis of cell material shows that the parts of the cell are so numerous that they constantly bump up against one another and against the cell membrane and cytoskeleton.