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Computer Architecture

Computer Architecture. Memory, Math and Logic. Basic Building Blocks. Seen: Memory Logic & Math. Computer Parts. Things that go into a computer:. Simplified Parts. Logical structure of parts:. Simplified Parts. Logical structure of parts:. Simplified Parts.

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Computer Architecture

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  1. Computer Architecture Memory, Math and Logic

  2. Basic Building Blocks • Seen: • Memory • Logic & Math

  3. Computer Parts • Things that go into a computer:

  4. Simplified Parts • Logical structure of parts:

  5. Simplified Parts • Logical structure of parts:

  6. Simplified Parts • Logical structure of parts: CPU Memory Input Output

  7. Higher Level Architecture • CPU • Central Processing Unit • Memory • Programs and Data • Input & Output • Keyboards, Mice, ScreensPrinters, Networks, etc… CPU Input & Output Memory

  8. Busses CPU • Busses • Groups of wires that carry a signal • 1 wire for each bit • Separate busses fordifferent signals Input & Output Memory

  9. Memory • Memory • Collection of bytes • Access byte by address

  10. Memory • Memory • Collection of bytes • Access byte by address • Meaning defined by program • Byte 0x00 could be: • 74 • J • Red part of a 24-bit color0x00-0x02 • Part of a 64-bit floating point0x00-0x07

  11. Memory Hierarchy • Memory is • Too slow • Too small • Temporary

  12. Memory Hierarchy • Main Memory : medium speed/capacity • RAM 0

  13. Memory Hierarchy • On processor: Small, Ultra Fast memory • Registers • Cache 0

  14. Memory Hierarchy • Secondary Memory : slower, larger, permanent storage • Hard drives / Flash drives / CD Drives 0

  15. Using the Hierarchy • Program’s trip through memory levels:

  16. Inside the CPU • Registers • ALU • CU Input & Output Memory

  17. Registers • Registers • Special purpose memory in CPU • Examples: • PC : Program CounterWhat memory address has next instruction • IR : Instruction RegisterWhat instruction we are working on • ACC : AccumulatorResult of what we just did

  18. ALU • Arithmetic Logic Unit • Can: • Add/Subtract • Compare values • < > = • Do Logic • NOT, OR, AND,…

  19. CU • Control Unit • Decoder : reads instructionsfrom IR, sends control signalsto control ALU, memory • Clock : synchronizes operations across computer

  20. Machine Code • Machine Code : Instruction stored as binary • Bits to represent • operation to perform (opcode) • value to use (operand) 0001 1100 0100 1011

  21. Sample Code

  22. Fetch-Decode-Execute • Fetch – Decode – Execute http://computerscience.chemeketa.edu/cs160Reader/ComputerArchitecture/MachineCycle.html

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