Nur 102 Fundamentals of Nursing

1. Nur 102 Fundamentals of Nursing

2. World Health Organization definition of Health: • a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being- not merely absence of disease.-the fundamental right of every human being

3. Definition of health: • Health is a dynamic state that exists when the individual’s needs are satisfied and homeostasis is achieved. A state of health implies that individuals are effectively adapting to stimuli which influence the satisfaction of needs.

4. High Level Wellness • Functioning at your maximum potential

5. Definition of Illness: • a deviation from the normal, healthy state • Illness: a state which results when an individual is not effectively adapting to stimuli and cannot satisfy needs or achieve homeostasis

6. Health-Illness Continuum • On a continuum, health and illness may be viewed as phases of coping ability

7. Factors that Cause Illness • Predisposing factors-genetics • Contributing factors-conditions are favorable for disease • Precipitating factors-condition that activates disease rapidly

8. Stages of Coping with Disease • Denial-fear, anxiety, irritability • Acceptance-wants care done quickly and efficiently • Recovery-calm and cooperative

9. Illness impacts individual’s behavior, emotions,body image,self concept,family roles and family dynamics

10. Emotional Response to Illness • Fear • Anxiety • fatigue, insomnia • anger, hostility • self-pity • overdependence • helplessness

11. Nursing Strategies to Promote Adaptation to Illness • Allow patients to speak freely without being judgmental. • Encourage self-help groups • Promote self-esteem. • Provide resources to cope with illness

12. Promoting Wellness/Health • Primary Prevention-Examples: Immunizations,physical and nutritional fitness • Secondary Prevention-Examples: health screening of at risk populations (Smoking prevention for school age children,PSA for males>50) • Tertiary Prevention-Education for those with disease or disability (Example: Diabetic teaching concerning foot care)

13. Basic needs of Man • Physiological • safety • Belongingness • Self-esteem • Self-actualization • ABRAHAM MASLOW

14. Homeostasis • An attempt by the body to maintain a state of constancy in the internal environment

15. Need • That which is useful, desirable and necessary to maintain health • Lower needs must be met before an individual can focus on higher needs

16. Physiological Need • Oxygen • Nutrition • Elimination • Activity

17. Safety • Freedom from danger • mechanical • thermal • bacterial • chemical • pain

18. Belongingness • Affection • Love • Companionship • Relationships with family and society

19. Self-Esteem • Self awareness • Body Image • Self concept

20. Self Actualization • Personal growth • maturity • awareness of potential • learning

21. Historical Development of Nursing • Midwifery in Ancient Times • Religious Calling • Lower class avoiding jail terms • Modern Nursing/Florence Nightingale • “Put them in the best condition for nature to act.” • “the Lady with the Lamp”

22. Famous American Nurses • Clara Barton/Red Cross • Dorthea Dix/first psychiatric nurse • Lilian Wald/first community health nurse • Mary Mahoney/first African -American nurse graduate • Adelaide Nuttig/first college educated professor