Mound Builders

1. Mound Builders Mesoamerica Unit

2. Who are Mound Builders? • Mound builders are Native American groups who build earthen mounds

3. In Your Journals… • Create this chart in your journal:

4. Hohokam • Group of people that established villages along the Salt and Gila Rivers around 1 A.D. • Developed an irrigation system along the Salt and Gila Rivers that allowed them to plant crops and establish villages • Canals and irrigation ditches were dug through the desert

5. Hohokam • The irrigation system allowed them to grow corn, cotton, beans, and squash • They hunted a variety of birds, rabbits, deer and smaller animals • Corn was the staple of their diet

6. Hohokam • Houses were often arranged in groups of houses that were clustered around a rectangular courtyard • Houses were made out of wattle and daub (sticks and mud) dwellings called pit houses • Recessed into the ground several inches and had a tunnel-like entryway

7. Hohokam cliff dwelling

8. Mogollon • Basin and Range People • Located 100 miles east and west of the New Mexican and Arizona border • The early Mogollon lived in semi-subterranean lodges, or “pithouses” • At the civilizations peak, Mogollon crops included corn, beans, squash, tobacco, and cotton.

9. Farming methods were primitive, involving the simple digging stick. • In fact, Mogollon Indians continued to depend heavily on small-game hunting, aided after about A.D. 500 by the adoption of the bow and arrow, as well as wild-food gathering, which included roots, berries, seeds, nuts, and insects.

10. Mogollon dwellings

11. Your Turn • Complete the rest of your Thinking Map by reading pages 352-358 in H.o.O.W. • Answer the following questions in your journal: • How did each culture adapt and alter to their environment? • In what ways were the groups similar/different? • What ways did the different cultures trade, and what did they trade?