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REHAU RENEWABLE ENERGY CPD

REHAU RENEWABLE ENERGY CPD. RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS. WHAT IS GROUND-SOURCE ENERGY?. District heating. Solar thermal / PV. Low energy windows / curtain walling. Ground-air heat exchanger. Underfloor heating/cooling. Rainwater harvesting.

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REHAU RENEWABLE ENERGY CPD

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  1. REHAU RENEWABLE ENERGY CPD RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS

  2. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS WHAT IS GROUND-SOURCE ENERGY? District heating Solar thermal / PV Low energy windows / curtain walling Ground-air heat exchanger Underfloor heating/cooling Rainwater harvesting Stormwater management Ground-source probes/collectors

  3. INTRODUCTION WHAT TYPES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ARE THERE? Deep geothermal (from within the ground) (> 400m) • Hydrothermal systems (using water stores) • Petrothermal systems (artificially pumping water deep underground) • Deep geothermal probes (using a closed loop system) Ground-source (from the sun & rain) (< 400m) • Ground-source collectors (sub-surface, at a depth of 1.5m) • Ground-source probes (depths of around 100m) • Ground-source energy piles (using the building foundations) • Ground water bore holes (using ground water) • Ground-air heat exchanger (controlled ventilation)

  4. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS WHAT IS GROUND-SOURCE ENERGY? District heating Solar thermal / PV Low energy windows / curtain walling Ground-air heat exchanger Underfloor heating/cooling Rainwater harvesting Stormwater management Ground-source probes/collectors

  5. INTRODUCTION HOW A GROUND-AIR HEAT EXCHANGER WORKS

  6. 1 Suction of fresh air Pre-warming of fresh air by ground 2 5 Ventilation appliance incl. heat recovery 3 Distribution of fresh air 4 4 Warm internal air extracted from the rooms 5 6 Expel the extracted air from the building (after heat recovery) 6 3 2 1 EXAMPLE OF DOMESTIC APPLICATION COMBINATION WITH HEAT RECOVERY UNIT

  7. Outside Inside Heat recovery unit Warm, stale air from the building Pre-warmed external air (from G.A.H.E) Warmed, fresh ventilation air Expelled air Heat exchanger INTRODUCTION COMBINATION WITH A HEAT RECOVERY UNIT Expelled warm, stale air from inside the house passes alongside the external air drawn into the house (pre-warmed by a ground-air heat exchanger)

  8. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS CONTROLLED VENTILATION? Controlled ventilation is required when there is not enough air exchange between the air inside the building and the outside air. For low-energy and passive houses, controlled ventilation is considered essential due to excellent insulation standards.

  9. INTRODUCTION WHY CONTROLLED VENTILATION? • Disadvantages of natural ventilation • Poor air quality (e.g. odours, air humidity too high/low) • High CO2 concentration • Noise pollution • Window ventilation can be hazardous (security and height risk) • Advantages of controlled ventilation • Constant filtered, fresh air supply • Savings of up to 20% of heating energy and 80% of cooling energy • No mould growth and inhibited dust mite growth • Ventilation in noisy areas possible

  10. CONDENSATION DISCHARGE WHY CONDENSATION BUILDS UP Cooling of air from approx. 30°C to 16°Cproduces significant amounts of condensation in the pipe system, especially in summer. This must be removed to: • Ensure the continual performance of the G.A.H.E • To avoid microbial growth • Avoid potential musty smells

  11. Standard PP ANTI-MICROBIAL INNER LAYER INTEGRATION OF SILVER PARTICLES An antimicrobial effect is achievable via integration of silver particles into the pipe inner layer. An experiment by the Institut Fresenius (Jan 2003) confirmed a significant reduction in microbe growth using this method: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Staphylococcus aureus – rod bacteria • Bacillus subtilis - bacteria • Aspergillus niger - mould • Candida albicans – yeast bacteria • Escherichia coli – faecal germs Antimicrobial inner layer

  12. ANTI-MICROBIAL INNER LAYER INTEGRATION OF SILVER PARTICLES Source: Ergebnis Institut Fresenius Jan 2003

  13. House Air inlet Air inlet Building SYSTEM DESIGN PIPE LAYOUT • Domestic: • - Air flow rate between 150 - 300 m³/h • - Pipe size DN200 sufficient • - Usually pipes laid as a ring in an existing trench (min.40m total length) Commercial / industrial: - Air flow rate < 20,000m³/h - Pipes laid in a Tichelmann layout - DN 200 – 250 pipes for heat transfer - Pipe size of distribution pipe DN 500-1200

  14. SYSTEM DESIGN INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS • Laying depth approx. 1.5 m to 2 m • Gradient of around 2 % to the condensation discharge • Lay in existing backfill, do not backfill with sand • Distance between pipes is at least 1m (between each pipe, not pipe centres) • Air velocity between 1-3 m/s • Pressure losses must also be considered (20-30Pa maximum)

  15. SYSTEM DESIGN DESIGN SOFTWARE FOR GROUND-AIR HEAT EXCHANGER REHAU have bespoke design software to calculate the following: The software can be obtained on a CD free from REHAU. • Requirements for calculation: • Air flow rate • OR • building volume + air change rate • Location / weather region • Laying depth • Laying pattern • Area for laying

  16. INTRODUCTION VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO EXPLOIT GROUND-SOURCE ENERGY Energy piles Probes Horizontal collectors

  17. Offices Industry Houses/flats Station platforms Airports Schools, sports halls INTRODUCTION EXAMPLES OF GROUND-SOURCE APPLICATIONS

  18. INTRODUCTION SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF GROUND TEMPERATURE Temperature Line 1: 1st February Line 2: 1st May Line 3: 1st November Line 4: 1st August Depth

  19. Heating Ground-source system Heat pump Expansion valve 25°C 0°C 5°C 35°C Compressor • Evaporator Condensor Lower pressure Higher pressure INTRODUCTION HOW DOES A HEAT PUMP WORK?

  20. INTRODUCTION INFLUENCE OF GROUND CONDITIONS 25 W/m 25 W/m 10 W/m² Poor soil 20-30 W/m² 50 W/m Average soil 50 W/m 40 W/m² 80 W/m 80 W/m Very good soil Circuit temperature 4 to 10°C -3 to 5°C 0 to 6°C * at 1800 hours in service per year according to VDI 4640

  21. GROUND-SOURCE PROBES RELIABLE ENERGY EXTRACTION

  22. GROUND-SOURCE PROBES DOUBLE-U PROBES • Double-U probes provide built-in reliability – ‘bury and forget’ • 2 flow and 2 return circuits • If any probe failure occurs, still having working circuit • Additional thermal outputs of around 10-15% per probe

  23. GROUND-SOURCE PROBES MAXIMUM RELIABILITY WITH PE-Xa PROBES PE-Xa probe with no jointing: The flow and return of the probe form a continuous circuit without the potential damage point at the probe tip. PE 100 probes have welded joints at tip.

  24. GROUND-SOURCE PROBES IN COMBINATION WITH SOLAR ENERGY Due to the high temperature resistance of PE-Xa (from -40°C to 95°C), PE-Xa probes can be combined with solar thermal installations

  25. GROUND-SOURCE PROBES SPIRAL PROBES • 5m deep borehole – simple to drill • For new builds and refurbishments • Low storage, transport and installation costs • Expands from 1.1m to 3m • High-quality PE-Xa material for safe installation and long-term reliability • Optimized regeneration due to special PE foil membrane

  26. GROUND-SOURCE PROBES SPIRAL PROBES • Average 400 W / probe (up to 700W for excellent soil) • 40m of 25x2.3mm pipe • Up to 3 probes can be connected in series • Distance between probes 3-4m

  27. GROUND-SOURCE COLLECTORS IDEAL FOR LARGE AREAS OVER 250m² PE-Xa collectors PE 100 collectors

  28. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS HARNESSING ENERGY FROM SELF REPLENSIHING ON-SITE 68.5% of the thermal energy requirements are obtained from ground-air heat exchanger plus ground source energy coupled with underfloor heating / cooling in the Passivhaus “0 Liter House“ + TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENT 21,170kWh (100%) Ground-source energy 14,543 kWh (68.5%)

  29. ZERO ENERGY BUILDING PHOTOVOLTAICS INCORPORATED IN THE PASSIVHAUS MODEL Photovoltaics effectively top-up the total buildings energy to 100% TOTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENT: 21,170kWh (100%) Ground-source Energy 14,543 kWh (68.5%) Solar Thermal Energy 1,780 kWh (8.5%) Photovoltaic electricity 4,847 kWh (23%) + +

  30. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ANY QUESTIONS?

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