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BUILDING A NATION 1840-1867

BUILDING A NATION 1840-1867. THE FATHERS OF CONFEDERATION. AFTER THE REBELLIONS. English surpassed French Canada west outgrew Canada East. Toronto merged as a dominate city. The British became less interested in its colonies. Canada became responsible for $ and development.

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BUILDING A NATION 1840-1867

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  1. BUILDING A NATION1840-1867 THE FATHERS OF CONFEDERATION

  2. AFTER THE REBELLIONS • English surpassed French • Canada west outgrew Canada East. • Toronto merged as a dominate city. • The British became less interested in its colonies. • Canada became responsible for $ and development. • The idea of a united Canada appeared. • Inter-colonial railway. • American threats • American Civil War REBELLION LOSSES BILL • $ to compensate property damages. • First test of responsible government –> Law passed even though Elgin & wealthy disagreed. (burned parliament bldg./threw fruit) • Annexation Manifesto – Join the U.S.A

  3. IMMIGRATION • For The Wealthy – life was good. • education, few taxes, fancy houses, servants. • For The Poor – struggled to make a living. • 1-2 room cottages, poverty, poor wages, long hours, no EI, no health care,no gov’t assistance. Social status was important NOTE – The majority of immigrants came from Scotland & Ireland.

  4. VICTORIAN ATTITUDES AND VALUES QUEEN VICTORIA Reign 1837-1901 Dressed In Black - Mourning

  5. NEW AGE OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE DISEASES Cholera Smallpox Typhoid Fever Influenza Tuberculosis Killed Millions MEDICAL DISCOVERIES Aspirin Antibiotics Antiseptics X-rays Vitamins Hormones Germs Microscope Vaccinations Smallpox

  6. LEISURE AND TRAVEL Ceilidhs Scottish Parties Barn Raisings Bear Baiting BULL FIGHTING????? Traveling Sideshows Medicine Shows

  7. LEISURE AND TRAVEL Railways Sarah Bernhardt Bare Knuckle Boxing Steam Travel Newspapers

  8. BUILDING A NATION Some politicians had been dreaming of Confederation – the union of the colonies of BNA into a federation. “….the scheme as a whole has met with almost universal approval.” J.A. MacDonald, 1864 THE REALITY – Almost as many people opposed union as favoured it.

  9. KEY TERMS Coalition Whip Corruption Representation by Population ‘Party Politics vs. Private Members’

  10. THE HOUSE OF COMMONS 9. MACE 10. HANSARD 11. SGT AT ARMS 12. THE BAR 13. INTERPRETERS 14. PRESS GALLERY 15. PUBLIC GALLERY 16. TV CAMERAS • SPEAKER • PAGES • GOV’T MEMBERS • OPPOSITION • PM • OPPOSITION LEADER • 2ND OPPOSITION LEADER • CLERK ORDERS-IN-COUNCIL Can make laws without parliament (Emergencies / Senate apt.) MACE SYMBOL OF POWER CABINET (PM & his ‘best friends’

  11. PARTY POLITICS CANADA EAST CANADA WEST Clear Grits – Brown Anti- Corruption, Rep. by Pop. more democracy, ‘GRUFF’ Pro English/Anti French Parti Rouge – Papineau Pro- French, farmer, business, US style, No Act of Union. Tories – Macdonald Middle Ground / Compromise Less Democratic but willing to work with French Double Majority – Both Fr Eng. Have to agree. Parti Bleu – Cartier Pro – Economy, Fr. Rights, not as radical as Papineau

  12. TOWARDS CONFEDERATION FOUR CONCERNS FOR RESPONSIBLE GOV’T 1. New idea => How would it work? 2. Fear it would weaken the British Empire. 3. Economic Suicide=> Mercantilism was working. 4. Strengthen British political enemies. FOUR WAYS CONFEDERATION WOULD HELP THE ECONOMY. 1. Larger markets to sell to. 2. Increase industry. 3. Increase transportation. 4. Gov’t would serve Canada first & not Britain.

  13. Responsible Government For Elgin

  14. PROS CONS BUILDING A NATION • French/Aboriginal = loss of culture. • - language, Catholic church, assimilation. • Many preferred Brt. control. • safety and $$$. • Weaken Brt. Empire??? • Maritimes felt no benefits. • RR to PEI???? • Colonial & US trade already established.(??) • Soldiers to protect the west. • Rep. by Population ??? • Idea of colonies governing was new => nobody knew how it would work. • Elgin’s Rebellion Losses Bill Left hard feelings => $ to Rebels??? • Central gov’t control defence, currency, postage, taxation, foreign affairs, etc. (Independence gone???) • Economic stability. • Britain already repealed Corn Laws (exclusive trade privileges).”THE FAMILY DEAL” • US to end Reciprocity Treaty / Free Trade. • Steam, hurt ship building industry. • Intercontinental RR. • USA threats / Manifest Destiny • American Civil War(Brt helped South) • Fenian Raids • Stable responsible government. - Too many independents = crisis • Break “deadlock”/ Coalition gov’t.

  15. THE CONFERENCES CHARLOTTETOWN CONFERENCE 1864 The Maritimes met to discuss union. Ended up agreeing to meet to discuss confederation. QUEBEC CONFERENCE 1864 Here the delegates planned the birth of a new nation, Canada.The 72 Resolutions laid the foundations of the federation.

  16. THE BNA ACTCANADA’S CONSTITUTION1867 CANADA’S FOUR PROVINCES Ontario, Nova Scotia, Quebec, New Brunswick GOVERNMENT NATIONAL UI, Postal, Census, “Indians” Fisheries, Currency, Criminal Law, Trade and Commerce PROVINCIAL Prov. Tax, Forests, Prisons, Hospitals, Municipal, Saloon Licences, Courts

  17. POWERS OF GOVERNMENT CANADA’S THREE BRANCHES OF GOV’T Executive Branch Legislative Branch Judicial Branch MONTESQUIEU BALANCE OF POWER – Power should be distributed over three branches so that no one person or branch can obtain absolute power. G.G. David Johnson CANADA THREE LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT $ Spending NOTE – The USA = a republic with powerful states.

  18. A GUIDE TO GOVERNMENT THREE LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT FEDERAL PROVINCIAL MUNICIPAL THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT B.C. CANADA P.G. P.G. OTTAWA VICTORIA $PROVINCIAL & FEDERAL TAXES$ CORPORATE TAX INCOME TAX AD VALOREM TAX (HST) EXCISE TAXES (ALCOHOL/GAS PAYROLL TAX $ MUNICIPAL $ Most $ comes from Property Taxes

  19. THREE PARTS OFGOVERNMENTBills must pass through all three parts of government in order to become laws in Canada. HEAD OF STATE DAVID JOHNSON GOVERNOR GENERAL HOUSE OF COMMONS SENATE

  20. THE HOUSE OF COMMONS 9. MACE 10. HANSARD 11. SGT AT ARMS 12. THE BAR 13. INTERPRETERS 14. PRESS GALLERY 15. PUBLIC GALLERY 16. TV CAMERAS • SPEAKER • PAGES • GOV’T MEMBERS • OPPOSITION • PM • OPPOSITION LEADER • 2ND OPPOSITION LEADER • CLERK ORDERS-IN-COUNCIL Can make laws without parliament (Emergencies / Senate apt.) MACE SYMBOL OF POWER CABINET (PM & his ‘best friends’

  21. Macdonald to CanadaCartoon Review

  22. Macdonald to CanadaCartoon Review Pros Cons RR Taxes Security Rep By Pop Trade Maritimes Stable Gov’t Culture Fenians Independence Lost X Dominion Of Canada 1867 Brt. Empire Charlottetown Conference Canada 1867 Canada 1965 Quebec Conference

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