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Nanotechnology: Applications, Impacts, Challenges, and Trends

Nanotechnology: Applications, Impacts, Challenges, and Trends. Joe Kostkowski Dan McDonald April 29, 2005. Applications and Impacts. Applications and Impacts Energy. energy efficiency and supply provide food and water worldwide dwindling fossil-fuel reserves solar power Batteries

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Nanotechnology: Applications, Impacts, Challenges, and Trends

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  1. Nanotechnology: Applications, Impacts, Challenges, and Trends Joe Kostkowski Dan McDonald April 29, 2005

  2. Applications and Impacts

  3. Applications and ImpactsEnergy • energy efficiency and supply • provide food and water worldwide • dwindling fossil-fuel reserves • solar power • Batteries • nanotube technology

  4. Applications and ImpactsEnvironment and Health • environmental protection • source reduction • manufacturing process • raw materials • “As we enter the 21st century, nanotechnology will have a major impact on the health, wealth and security of the world’s people that will be at least as significant in this century as antibiotics, the integrated circuit, and man-made polymers.” -Interagency Working Group on Nanoscience, Engineering and Technology Report (1999)

  5. Applications and ImpactsDefense • Smart Uniforms • Self-contained computer network • Lighter, more durable body armor • “nanomuscle fibers” to enhance a soldier’s strength • Nanomaterials in weapons • Nanotechnology-based information systems

  6. Applications and ImpactsAerospace • Size, weight, and power consumption are all critical factors • Nanoelectronics • Batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells

  7. Applications and ImpactsElectronics Industry • Current lithography techniques have limitations • Molecular electronics

  8. Applications and ImpactsSNAP • Superlattice Nanowire Pattern Transfer • Reliably creates small features cheaper than E-beam lithography

  9. Trends

  10. TrendsEnergy, Environment and Health • renewable energies - Consumption, Dependence • Liability – Trust, “wow to yuck” trajectory

  11. TrendsAutomotive Industry • Trends in safety and efficiency • Nanomaterials in catalytic converters • Fuel additives to increase fuel efficiency • Lightweight materials

  12. TrendsIntellectual Property Rights • Rapidly increasing number of patents containing “nano” • Patent Office must protect intellectual property rights with-out stifling creativity

  13. Challenges

  14. ChallengesEnergy • Research to consumers • demand • Clear schedule • dot-com explosion • Biotechnology • Military • Battery packs

  15. ChallengesElectronics • Will nanowires or carbon nanotubes appear in next-generation transistors? • CNTs • Good performance • High carrier mobility • Nanowires • Can be doped for specific applications

  16. ChallengesEnvironment and Health • flow of nanoparticles into the environment • quantum dots • Bioaccumulation • exposure to nanopollution • inhalation, dermal, eye, and oral • Examples • Titanium Dioxide, Carbon Black, and Diesel particles • Societal Activities • transportation, urban development and information management

  17. ChallengesEthical Issues • Will nanotechnology live up to the hype? • “Grey goo” theory • Ill-defined boundaries of nanotechnology will make regulation difficult

  18. Questions?

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