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Children@20 years An overview of child related policy development in the 20 year review

Children@20 years An overview of child related policy development in the 20 year review. Mastoera Sadan National Planning Commission, The Presidency. Overview. Demographics Household Characteristics and living arrangements Child Poverty Basic Services Child Support Grant

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Children@20 years An overview of child related policy development in the 20 year review

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  1. Children@20 yearsAn overview of child related policy development in the 20 year review MastoeraSadan National Planning Commission, The Presidency

  2. Overview • Demographics • Household Characteristics and living arrangements • Child Poverty • Basic Services • Child Support Grant • Early Childhood Development

  3. Data Sources • Trends in respect of children between 1993 and 2011 • Data large-scale national household surveys • Two at the beginning of period and two at the end of the period • PSLSD – Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development (1993) • NIDS – National Income Dynamics Study (2008) • October Household Survey (1995) • General Household Survey (2011)

  4. Journey since 1994 • The advent of democracy in 1994 presented the democratic government with the opportunity to change the trajectory of all children South Africa • The Bill of Rights in the Constitution (1996) signalled the primacy of the rights of children in Section 28 • The South African government ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1995 and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child in 2000 • Initial period law reform key feature of policy process • Numerous policy and programme interventions

  5. Child share of the population by province, 1993-2011 (%)

  6. Household characteristics and living arrangements

  7. Distribution of children by household type, 1993-2011 (%) Source: PSLSD, OHS, NIDS, GHS

  8. Child and adult distribution by area type Source: NIDS 2008

  9. Parental co-residence with children, 1993-2011 Source: PSLSD, OHS, NIDS, GHS

  10. Child Poverty

  11. Child Poverty rates 1993-2011 Source: PSLSD, GHS

  12. Child poverty rates by province, 1993-2011 (using Stats SA lower bound line) Source: PSLSD, NIDS, GHS

  13. Basic Services: Living environment

  14. Percentage of children with access to piped water on dwelling site by province, 1993-2011 (%) 100 95 95 94 94 93 93 93 92 92 90 90 90 87 86 80 76 76 70 70 67 66 66 64 63 62 60 54 54 51 48 50 47 43 43 41 38 40 36 34 34 33 32 31 30 30 23 20 12 10 0 EC FS GT KZN LM MP NC NW WC RSA 1993 1995 2008 2011 Source: PSLSD, OHS, NIDS, GHS

  15. Percentage of children with access to flush toilet on dwelling site by province, 1995-2011 (%) 100 92 91 91 90 88 88 90 84 83 79 80 75 69 70 65 62 61 60 50 47 46 45 42 40 40 37 36 33 30 30 28 28 30 27 27 26 25 23 22 19 18 20 17 15 13 11 10 10 6 0 EC FS GT KZN LM MP NC NW WC RSA 1993 1995 2008 2011 Source: PSLSD, OHS, NIDS, GHS

  16. Child Support Grant • Introduced in 1998 • Paid to caregiver • Intended to form a contribution to the costs of caring for young children • Significant policy reform since introduction

  17. Child grants Source: Department of Social Development Socpen system

  18. Policy issues CSG • ensure children access the grant from birth, work with the Department of Health and Home Affairs to develop a system that is linked to birth registration • improve take-rates for older children • examine the implementation process of the CSG and learn the lessons from its successful implementation

  19. Early Childhood Development

  20. Early Childhood Development • Increase in coverage over period, off a low base • Increase in subsidy rate • Increase in number of children who access ECD centres • However current model has limitations

  21. Attendance at ECD service of children under six years by monthly household expenditure, 2011 (%)

  22. Policy and programme issues • policy reform required to reconfigure the delivery model, the current model focuses on older children 3-5 years; • develop options for interventions in the early years; • develop a human resource strategy; • additional resources are required.

  23. Conclusion • Significant progress, challenges remain Institutional level • Improved intersectoral collaboration across programmes; • Improved integrated service provision; • Improved collaboration across spheres of government; • Improved collaboration with civil society; • A research strategy that focuses on children across sectors;

  24. Programme level Child Support Grant • a system whereby children are registered at birth automatically qualify for CSG receipt; • Take-up rates for older children must be improved; Early Childhood Development • a suite of interventions must be developed to increase coverage, in particular for young children 0-3 years, with a focus on children in rural areas and those who live in informal settlements in urban areas; • the funding envelope must be increased over time; • a human resource strategy must be developed;

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