1 / 14

Understanding Abnormality: Schizophrenia, Depression, and Diagnostic Tools

Explore the definitions, diagnosis, and treatments of schizophrenia and depression, including evaluation of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM). Discover the statistical definition of abnormality and the impact of cultural factors on diagnosis. Gain insights into the reliability and validity of psychiatric diagnoses.

daphneb
Download Presentation

Understanding Abnormality: Schizophrenia, Depression, and Diagnostic Tools

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Content Definitions, diagnosis of abnormality. Explanations and treatments of schizophrenia and depression (including evaluation)

  2. Statistical definition of abnormality IQ Majority of People have an IQ between 70 and 130 Below 70 is classed as mental retardation What about this 2.5%?

  3. Assume human characteristics are spread in a normal way across the general population. • The minority [at either extreme of the graph] are seen as abnormal [in the minority].

  4. Unwritten [behaviour] rules of society. • If people don’t conform we may feel anxious/threatened. • Can you think of some examples?

  5. What is normal/abnormal changes over time [Zeitgeist]

  6. Over to you..

  7. DSM • The Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders is published by the American Psychiatric Association which lists all mental disorders recognised by clinicians. DSM is used by clinicians, researchers, drug regulation agencies and pharmaceutical companies.

  8. DSM • There have been several versions and the current version is DSM-5 published May 2013, it’s first publication was in 1952. Another classification system is the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and related health problems (ICD) produced by the World Health Organisation (WHO).

  9. DSM • DSM is based on 5 Axis. • Axis 1 looks at all disorders (apart from personality disorders/retardation) • Axis 2 looks at personality disorders and mental retardation • Axis 3 General medical disorders which may be show similar symptoms to a mental illness (underactive thyroid-depression) • Axis 4 Psychosocial problems: family problems, employment issues

  10. DSM • Axis 5 Global Assessment Functioning Scale (GAF) ranges from 0-100 to assess how well a person is coping with everyday life. A score of 40 for example indicates serious problems with a range of different issues

  11. Reliability • Research is reliable if more than one psychologist gives the same diagnosis to the same individual. I.e. diagnosis should be consistent. • Problems with reliability 1: Clinicians don’t generally agree 100% on diagnosis. Beck found 54% agreement between psychiatrists therefore… 2: Information may vary when patients are discussing symptoms and patients may emphasise certain symptoms..

  12. Reliability • 3: Different cultures differ in their diagnosis. Copper used video taped interviews and asked clinicians in New York and London to give a diagnosis. New York clinicians were twice as likely to diagnose Sz and London clinicians depression. The implication of this research is…

  13. Validity • How well does a diagnosis reflect an actual disorder and identify a suitable treatment. For example if people have the same diagnosis but different symptoms then the diagnosis has low validity. • Predictive validity- effective treatment means the diagnosis is valid.

  14. Validity • Problems with validity • Other factors are important in deciding treatments such as in sz

More Related