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SOSC 103D Social Inequality in HK

SOSC 103D Social Inequality in HK. Lecture 10: Gender inequality. Gender inequality in H ong K ong. Differences in income In 2003, e stimated earned income For female : US$ 19,593 ; For male: US$ 35,037 Ratio: 0.56 Political power , 2004 Members of the Executive Council (4/21)

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SOSC 103D Social Inequality in HK

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  1. SOSC 103DSocial Inequality in HK Lecture 10: Gender inequality

  2. Gender inequality in Hong Kong • Differences in income • In 2003, estimated earned income For female: US$ 19,593;For male: US$ 35,037 • Ratio: 0.56 • Political power, 2004 • Members of the Executive Council (4/21) • Members of the Legislative Council (11/60) • Members of the District Councils (18%) • Civil servants (33.6%) L10: 11.10.06

  3. Proportion of females in total employment by major occupation category (2002) L10: 11.10.06

  4. Job/ Employment Segregations • Vertical segregations • Males are clustered in higher ranking jobs (i.e. managerial & administrative staff of the company) • While females are occupying those lower ranking and lower paid jobs (i.e. clerical workers) • Horizontal segregations • Boys and girls are working in different economic sectors (manufacturing vs construction) • Boys in professional sectors (i.e. engineers) while girls as service providers (i.e. nurse, teachers) L10: 11.10.06

  5. Reasons for the segregation • Gender inequality in educational attainment: • Less females than males have a qualification of secondary or higher education (age 15 and above) • A large proportion of females have no education L10: 11.10.06

  6. How about the younger generation?! • Boys’ and girls’ enrollment in different level of study L10: 11.10.06

  7. Better future for females? • Increase in girls’ educational attainment. • Human capital approach • Free market • Changes in economic structure will lead to greater opportunities for women (expansion of service sector) • Feminization of job • After women enter labour forces, social changes might result (from professional to political) L10: 11.10.06

  8. Some observations in HK • Class effect in gender inequality: • Women at the top vs women in low-income families • In 2001, the median income for total working population: female is HK$8,500; male is HK$12,000(differences: 29%) • For unskillful workers: female is HK$3,900; male is HK$7,500 (differences: 48%) Who are the unskillful labour in HK? L10: 11.10.06

  9. L10: 11.10.06

  10. When capitalism meets patriarchy…(Marxist) • Women provide the reserve labour • The effect of marriage on women’s labour force participation L10: 11.10.06

  11. Women’s role in society • Traditional homemaker vs employed outside • Motherhood L10: 11.10.06

  12. Suggested Readings: Chan, Kam Wah and C.H. Ng (1994) "Gender, Class and Employment Segregation in Hong Kong," in S.K. Lau, et al. (ed.) Inequalities and Development: social stratification in Chinese societies, HK: CU Press L10: 11.10.06

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