BSC 2010 Integrated Principles of Biology I

1. BSC 2010 Integrated Principles of Biology I • Spring Semester 2008 • Section 0483: Period 2 Section 0485: Period 4 Section 0484: Period 6 • Lecturers: • Dr. Charlie Baer, Zoology • Dr. Ben Bolker, Zoology • Dr. Joan Herrera, Zoology • Office: 3175 McCarty A Office Hours: T/Th per 3 or by appt Phone: 213-2498, Email: herrera@zoo.ufl.edu • Discussion Leader: • Mollie Brooks Office: 616 Bartram Email: mbrooks@zoo.ufl.edu • Course Home Pages: • Baer: TBA • Bolker: TBA • Herrera: http://nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu/~herrera/bsc.html • Additional Help: • Core Biology Office: Tangelyn Mitchell, 210 Carr Hall, 392-1565 • Coordinator of Biological Sciences: Dr. Margaret Fields, 392-1566, Email: mfields@clas.ufl.edu • Lectures • Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Periods 2, 4, and 6. McCarty C 100 (MCC 100) • Discussions • Friday, Periods 2, 4, and 6. MCC 100 • Textbook • Campbell, et al., 7th Edition, "Biology"; you are responsible for using the correct edition. Copies on Reserve at the Marston Science Library: ask at the circulation desk.

2. Examinations: All machine-graded exam questions must be answered with a #2 pencil. NO MAKE UP EXAMS WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION. In case of illness, a note from your physician is required. A personal matter requires a note from the Dean of Students (P202 Peabody Hall). ANY MAKE UP EXAMS MAY BE IN AN ESSAY FORMAT. There are three noncumulative exams and a final which is cumulative. Each lecture exam is worth 100 points. Total points possible = 400. All grades will be assessed on total of exam scores (out of 400 possible points). A final grade of >90% is guaranteed an A, >80% guaranteed a B, etc. We reserve the right to curve downward (i.e., be more generous). Any curve will be decided upon only AFTER ALL GRADES ARE IN, so DO NOT ASK US ABOUT A CURVE BEFORE THEN. NO EXTRA CREDIT IS ALLOWED. • Academic Honesty: The Honor Code reads: “We, the members of the University of Florida community, pledge to hold ourselves and our peers to the highest standards of honesty and integrity”. You must sign your exam papers to confirm that you neither gave nor received unauthorized aid in taking the exam. • EXAMS WILL BE GIVEN ON THE FOLLOWING DATES. EXAM ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY. • Exam I: Friday, February 8, In Class Period – McCarty C 100 (MCC 100) • Exam II: Tuesday March 25, In Class Period - McCarty C 100 (MCC 100) • Exam III: Wednesday April 23, In Class Period - McCarty C 100 (MCC 100) • Final according to UF schedule TBA • Many students experience test anxiety and other stress related problems. “Self help guides for students are available through the Counseling Center (301 Peabody Hall, 392-1575) and at their website: http://www.counsel.ufl.edu • Stress: For students with test anxiety or stress-related problems, self help guides are available at the Counseling Center, 301 Peabody 392-1575, and at www.counsel.ufl.edu http://www.counsel.ufl.edu/.

3. Note: Attendance is required. “Makeup” notes are not available. You are expected to be in class. You are responsible for all announcements made in lecture and/or posted on the class webpages. • Exams are available for review for one week only after each exam. You may not review previous exams, other than the final, after the semester has ended. Challenges to exam questions must be submitted in writing within one week. Scantrons are not available for individual student review. • There is no extra credit. Please do not request individual special treatment at the end of the semester because we do not adjust grades for individuals for ANY reason. Plan to do well on all exams from the beginning of the semester. • All email correspondence must be from your ufl.edu account, must have your full name in the body of the email, and in the subject line you must identify the course in which you are enrolled. Emails not meeting these requirements may not be answered.

4. BSC 2010: Who Am I? • Dr. Joan Herrera • Department of Zoology • Office 3175 MCCA Phone 213-2498 • Office Hours: T/Th period 3 for the first five weeks of the semester. I will also have office hours M/F 8 – 9 in Carr 322A for the rest of the semester • Marine Invertebrate Larval Ecologist • PhD University of Florida, 1998

5. BSC 2010: Important Exam Stuff • Four exams. • 33 multiple choice questions per exam (100 points per exam). Maximum of 400 points for the course. • Exams (except the final) are not cumulative, but concepts build on one another in the course and you are expected to have a basic high school background in biology, chemistry and algebra. • There are extensive study guidelines on the class webpage. • Class attendance is required and you are expected to check the webpage periodically. Please do not contact instructors asking for information that is regularly presented in class. Example: Where we are in the material and which chapters will be on the exam.

6. BSC 2010: Exam Philosophy • Lecture is emphasized, but also study the notes and read the text: Campbell & Reece 7th Edition “Biology” • Exams are based on lectures, notes and text, but with more emphasis on the lectures and notes. An “A” requires that you demonstrate “critical thinking skills”. That is: you are able to apply concepts to synthesis questions on the exams. • ASK QUESTIONS – before the exam is better than after. • COME BY MY OFFICE – but avoid the exam rush time. • EMAIL ME – herrera@zoo.ufl.edu. I do respond to properly formatted emails.

7. BSC 2010: Lecture Notes • They are NOT intended to cover all the lecture, but to assist note-taking. They are not a substitute for coming to class or for taking notes. • They have gaps; not all material is listed in the notes. Omissions provide an incentive to attend class and take your own notes. Study the notes along with the appropriate chapter in the text. • Best Bet: Attend every class and pay attention. Use the notes, but don’t completely rely on them. Keep up with your studies on an almost daily basis. Do not miss exams.

8. Exam I Lectures and Text Pages • I. Intro to Biology (2-29) • II. Chemistry of Life • Chemistry review (30-46) • Water (47-57) • Carbon (58-67) • Macromolecules (68-91) • III. Cells and Membranes • Cell structure (92-123) • Membranes (124-140) • IV. Introductory Biochemistry • Energy and Metabolism (141-159) • Cellular Respiration (160-180) • Photosynthesis (181-200)

9. Relevance of Science to Your Everyday Life?

10. Biology: The Study of Life Properties of Life: How do you know something is alive?

11. (2) Evolutionary adaptation (1) Order (3) Response to the environment “Irritability” (5) Energy processing“Metabolism” (4) Regulation “Homeostasis” (6) Growth and development (7) Reproduction Figure 1.2 • Some properties of life

12. Properties of Life • 8. Living things are made of cells. • 9. Living things share a common genetic code.

13. 1 The biosphere Figure 1.3 1. Order: A Hierarchy of Biological Organization • Life is Ordered • The hierarchy of life extends through many levels of biological organization • From the biosphere through organisms 

14. 9Organelles 1 µm Cell 8Cells Atoms 10Molecules 10 µm 7Tissues 50 µm 6Organs and organ systems Figure 1.3 • From cells to molecules to atoms

15. 5. Metabolism: Energy Conversion, Chemical Rxns • Activities of life • Require organisms to perform work, which depends on an energy source. • Molecules are taken apart for energy • Catabolic Metabolism • Molecules that makeup the cell are built from precursors. • Anabolic Metabolism

16. 25 µm Figure 1.5 8. A Closer Look at Cells • The cell • Is the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life

17. Two Main Forms of Cells • All cells share certain characteristics • They are all enclosed by a membrane • They all use DNA as genetic information • There are two main forms of cells • Eukaryotic • Prokaryotic

18. EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL DNA (no nucleus) Membrane Membrane Cytoplasm Organelles 1 µm Figure 1.8 Nucleus (contains DNA) • Eukaryotic cells • Are subdivided by internal membranes into various membrane-enclosed organelles • Prokaryotic cells • Lack the kinds of membrane-enclosed organelles found in eukaryotic cells

19. Sperm cell Nuclei containing DNA Embyro’s cells with copies of inherited DNA Fertilized egg with DNA from both parents Offspring with traits inherited from both parents Egg cell Figure 1.6 9. The Cell’s Heritable Information • Cells contain chromosomes made partly of DNA, the substance of genes • Which program the cells’ production of proteins and transmit information from parents to offspring

20. Nucleus DNA Cell A C Nucleotide T A T A C C G T A G T A (a) DNA double helix. This model shows each atom in a segment of DNA.Made up of two long chains of building blocks called nucleotides, a DNA molecule takes the three-dimensional form of a double helix. (b) Single strand of DNA. These geometric shapes and letters are simple symbols for the nucleotides in a small section of one chain of a DNA molecule. Genetic information is encoded in specific sequences of the four types of nucleotides (their names are abbreviated here as A, T, C, and G). Figure 1.7 • The molecular structure of DNA • Accounts for it information-rich nature

21. Emergent Properties: A Consequence of Order • Biological systems are much more than the sum of their parts • A system • Is a combination of components that form a more complex organization • Due to increasing complexity • New properties emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of biological order

22. Figure 1.13 Diversity is a hallmark of life: yet all life is related

23. Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain Ursusameri- canus (American black bear) Ursus Ursidae Carnivora Mammalia Chordata Animalia Eukarya Figure 1.14 Grouping Species: The Basic Idea Taxonomy Is the branch of biology that names and Classifies species according to a system of broader and broader groups

24. The Three Domains of Life • At the highest level, life is classified into three domains • Bacteria • Archaea • Eukarya

25. Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea • Consist of prokaryotes • Domain Eukarya, the eukaryotes • Includes the various protist kingdoms and the kingdoms Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

26. Kingdom Plantae consists of multicellula eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy to food. Bacteria are the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes and are now divided among multiple kingdoms. Each of the rod-shapedstructures in this photo is a bacterial cell. Protists (multiple kingdoms) are unicellular eukaryotes and their relatively simple multicellular relatives.Pictured here is an assortment of protists inhabiting pond water. Scientists are currently debating how to split the protistsinto several kingdoms that better represent evolution and diversity. 4 µm 100 µm DOMAIN ARCHAEA Kindom Animalia consists of multicellular eukaryotes thatingest other organisms. Kindom Fungi is defined in part by thenutritional mode of its members, suchas this mushroom, which absorb nutrientsafter decomposing organic material. Many of the prokaryotes known as archaea live in Earth‘s extreme environments, such as salty lakes and boiling hot springs. Domain Archaea includes multiple kingdoms. The photoshows a colony composed of many cells. 0.5 µm Figure 1.15 • Life’s three domains

27. 15 µm 1.0 µm Cilia of Paramecium.The cilia of Parameciumpropel the cell throughpond water. 5 µm Cross section of cilium, as viewed with an electron microscope Cilia of windpipe cells. The cells that line the human windpipe are equipped with cilia that help keep the lungs clean by moving a film of debris-trapping mucus upward. Figure 1.16 Unity in the Diversity of Life • As diverse as life is • There is also evidence of remarkable unity