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Development of midwifery in Estonia

Development of midwifery in Estonia. Maret Voites, RM West Tallinn Central Hospital Womens Clinic (Pelgulinna Sünnitusmaja). First written notes. First notes about midwifery in Estonia are from 1330 by Baltic historian Fr. G. Bunge Midwife named Jossyne appears

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Development of midwifery in Estonia

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  1. Development of midwifery in Estonia Maret Voites, RM West Tallinn Central Hospital Womens Clinic (Pelgulinna Sünnitusmaja)

  2. First written notes First notes about midwifery in Estonia are from 1330 by Baltic historian Fr. G. Bunge Midwife named Jossyne appears repeatedly in Tallinn City Hall’s accounting books at 1545

  3. Midwife’s duties at 1630 She had to... ... be Lutheran ... participate in a specific study program and after that give an oath to the church ... be “on-call” for 24-hours and obey to the town doctor

  4. Midwife’s duties at 1695 She was... ... not allowed to cure internal diseases ... not allowed to use strong drugs ... to report about complicated birth ... to call the doctor for a difficult birth ... to consult the doctor about a sick newborn

  5. Midwife's values from 1812 to… 1. Fair mind, good reputation 2. Will to learn 3. Youth and health 4. Working also as a volunteer 5. Soberness and ability to draw the line 6. Following the midwifery studies also in her own life 7. Clean and tidy 8. Merciful, compassionate, patient 9. Attentionate 10. Tolerance about colleagues 11. Ability to read and write

  6. Education 1. 1797 first info about education where the Governor's letter orders all certified midwives to help other colleagues with knowledge 2. In Tallinn different schools 1809-1811. Midwifery Institute was reopened in Tallinn at 19.08.1901 together with a birth clinic.In Tartu - School for Midwives from 1811-1930, after that merged with Nurses Scool. From 1944 worked as Tartu Medical High-school which was later changed to Tartu Medical School. In Paide -1862-1867 3. Consistent educational program started in Tallinn at 1940 – School for Nurses. Medical School in Kohtla-Järve from 1940

  7. Handbooks 1. “Lühhikene õppetus Eestimaa tallorahwa ämmadele” Dr.J.Walther, 1812. 2. “Ämmamoori raamat” Dr.J.T (Mats Tõnisson), 1896; Prof. B.G. Schulze, 1904. 3. “Sünnitusabi” A.L. Kaplan, 1957.

  8. Home to Hospital 1. Most babies were worn at home until 1930-40-s 2. Estonian obstetrics was reorganized in the Soviet-time - every woman had to come and register in the antenatal clinic and then give birth in the hospital. In 1950 many small hospitals where built and there was a small maternity ward. 3. Big maternity hospitals were were built in 1960s 4. All bigger centers had a maternity hospital in 1970-1980 5. By that time giving birth in a hospital was the only chance and homebirths were almost extinct 6. During Socialism the order in the Maternity Hospitals was very strict, dicipline and attitude was inhumane and impersonal. The bigger the hospital the less was thought of the woman in labor and the midwife. 7. During last decade our obstetrics and antenatal care has gone through a big change and is still changing (for the best?)

  9. What has changed?

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