American Civil Rights Movement

1. American Civil Rights Movement

2. Quiz at the end of this Overview. • Take notes and learn!

3. What does “civil” mean?

5. Emancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863 • What does “emancipation” mean? • President Abraham Lincoln freed 3.1 million of the nation’s 4 million slaves. • President Lincoln assassinated because of this on April 15, 1865.

6. Emmitt TillAugust 1955 Fourteen-year-old Chicagoan Emmett Till is visiting family in Mississippi when he is kidnapped, brutally beaten, shot, and dumped in the Tallahatchie River for allegedly whistling at a white woman. He was in an open casket at his funeral to show how bad it was.“I want the whole world to see what they did to my boy.” -- Mrs. Mamie Till Bradley Two white men, J. W. Milam and Roy Bryant, are arrested for the murder and acquitted by an all-white jury. They later boast about committing the murder in a Look magazine interview. The case becomes a cause the beginning outrage of the civil rights movement. http://youtu.be/BL1vMFwZEus Handout http://youtu.be/9P2vjuaZHhU

7. Segregation

8. Rosa ParksDecember 1, 1955 • Called the “first lady of the civil rights” and “the mother of the freedom movement” • Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat at the front of the "colored section" of a bus to a white passenger, defying a southern custom of the time. In response to her arrest the Montgomery black community launches a bus boycott, which will last for more than a year, until the buses are desegregated. This Montgomery Bus Boycott ends Dec. 21, 1956. As newly elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., is instrumental in leading the boycott. • Parks' act of defiance became an important symbol of the modern Civil Rights Movement and Parks became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation. She organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including boycott leader Martin Luther King, Jr., helping to launch him to national prominence in the civil rights movement

9. Martin Luther King Jr. • A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career.[4] He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president. King's efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. There, he expanded American values to include the vision of a color blind society, and established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. • In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end racial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other nonviolent means. By the time of his death in 1968, he had refocused his efforts on ending poverty and stopping the Vietnam War. • King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee • I have a Dream Speech 8th Grade Book • Bio Poems Civil Rights Figure

10. Integration into SchoolsSeptember 1957 • (Little Rock, Ark.) Formerly all-white Central High School learns that integration is easier said than done. Nine black students are blocked from entering the school on the orders of Governor OrvalFaubus. President Eisenhower sends federal troops and the National Guard to intervene on behalf of the students, who become known as the "Little Rock Nine."

11. Girls Killed in BombingBurmingham • The 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama was bombed on Sunday, September 15, 1963. The explosion at the African-American church, which killed four girls, marked a turning point in the U.S. 1960s Civil Rights Movement and contributed to support for passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.