Literary Devices

1. Literary Devices Short Story Objectives

2. Robert Frost • said that a poem should “begin in delight and end in wisdom.”

3. Robert Frost was a farmer, teacher, and a writer. • He called himself a synecdochist (a small part of a big thing).

4. He was a realist and a naturalist. • He was like “a potato with the dirt washed off.”

5. He didn’t dwell on the ugly or sordid; he liked to write about the common every day life.

6. Longfellow • *Didn’t write about the conflicts of the day, although he did write some anti-slavery poems

7. Longfellow • had a long beard to cover scars from trying to save his wife from a house fire

8. Longfellow • Poetry was very strict to the rules. • His style was outdated.

9. Longfellow • He was didactic - He wanted to teach some kind of moral.

10. Longfellow • For those reasons, Poe didn’t like him.

11. Edgar Allan Poe • He said.. • 1) a poem should not be “didactic” - teaching.

12. 2) a poem should be short. • 3) a poem should be a creation of beauty.

13. 4) a poem should have a beautiful woman as its best subject.

14. Edgar Allen was fascinated with death and the supernatural.

15. He was a drug addict. • He married his 13, almost 14, year-old-cousin.

16. At age 40, he died of a morphine overdose.

17. 1)Poetry - imaginative writing in which language, images, sounds, and rhythm combine to create a special emotional effect

18. 2. Symbol - any person, place or thing that stands for something else.Ex: Eagles symbolize freedom.

19. 3.Simile - Figure of speech that compares unlike things using “like” or “as”-“She is as sweet as pie.”

20. 4. Metaphor - a figure of speech that compares two unlike things“That car is a lemon.”

21. 5. Extended metaphor- to use a metaphor throughout a poem

22. 6. Narrative poetry - poetry that tells a story

23. 7. Rhythm - the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry

24. 8. Rhyme - the repetition of similar sounds. 2 kinds:

25. 9. End rhyme - rhymes come at the end of lines • 10. Internal rhyme - rhyme occurs within a line

26. 11. Alliteration -the repetition of consonant sounds(Betty Botter bought some butter.)

27. 12. Personification - a figure of speech in which something not human is given a human personality or characteristics.

28. 13. Exposition – introduction to story (creates tone, gives setting, and introduces characters).

29. 14)setting - the physical and sometimes spiritual background of a story.

30. 4 elements of setting: • 1) geographical location • 2)daily living of characters • 3)the time or period in which the action takes place • 4)general environment

31. 15. plot - the sequence of events • Components of plot: conflict,rising action, climax, falling action, resolution • http://www.flanaganhighschool.com/fcatstrat/week19.htm

32. 16. atmosphere - the general mood or feeling

33. 17) Climax - the reader’s highest emotional involvement in the work • 18)Short story - a brief account of fictional events

34. 19)Point of view - the relationship of the author to the work • 1st person - “I”, “Me,” etc. • 2nd person - “You,” “Your,” etc. • 3rd person - “He,” “She,” etc.

35. 20)conflict - the struggle b/t two opposing forces.

36. 4 Kinds: • 1) struggle w/ nature • 2) struggle w/ another person • 3) struggle w/ society • 4) struggle w/in

37. 21. suspense - the anticipation as to the outcome of events • Question of how, what, who? • Question of when?

38. 22.haiku – Japanese poem that consists of three lines. • The 1st and 3rd lines have 5 syllables. • The 2nd line has 7 syllables.

39. 23.concrete poem – a poem with a shape that suggests its meaning. EX: a football shaped poem

40. 24.free verse – a poem that has no definite pattern, line length, or rhyme scheme.

41. 25.lyric poem – a short, musical poem that expresses observations or feelings; usually has stanzas; usually represent the poet as “I”

42. 26.Stanza - A group of lines forming a unit in a poem

43. 27. Imagery - language that appeals to the senses.

44. 28)Theme - underlying idea in a work

45. 29. Repetition - a device using the same word or phrase to show emphasis

46. Emily Dickinson • Two things in her writing: • 1)compression of thought (putting a lot of meaning in fewer words)

47. Emily Dickinson • 2) apharisms (short poems) • Her titles are the first lines of the poems.

48. Emily Dickinson • Poetry was sharp and intense. • Poems were simple and passionate. • Ideas were witty, rebellious, and original.

49. Emily Dickinson • She had an acute awareness of the senses. • She used assonance often.

50. Emily Dickinson • She wore white, avoided people, and was different from other girls. • She was eccentric.