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Pulmonary Tuberculosis Rabieh Al-Ashi

Pulmonary Tuberculosis Rabieh Al-Ashi. http://www.wadsworth.org/databank/hirez/mcdonp4.gif. Definition.

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Pulmonary Tuberculosis Rabieh Al-Ashi

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  1. Pulmonary TuberculosisRabieh Al-Ashi http://www.wadsworth.org/databank/hirez/mcdonp4.gif

  2. Definition

  3. Pulmonary tuberculosis or (TB) is a chronic, contagious, bacterial lung Infection caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium can be both gram negative and gram positive depending on the cell wall. TB affects primarily the lungs but it can also affect any other body organ. http://www.ecureme.com/atlas/data/dis_images/Pulmonary_Tuberculosis550_ab.jpg http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/tb/images/active2.jpg

  4. History

  5. Proof of TB has been found in 4000 year old mummies, • there was no treatment at that time. http://www.theglasgowstory.com/images/TGSB00113_m.jpg • Robert Koch discovered in 1882 that TB was caused by a bacteria. • Anti-tuberculosis drugs were discovered by  only in 1944. http://www.amuseum.de/medizin/roko1.jpg http://www.ccccd.edu/biotech/images/VACCINE.jpg

  6. Causes

  7. Tuberculosis can develop after inhaling droplets sprayed into the air from a cough or sneeze by someone infected with tuberculosis. • Pulmonary tuberculosis develops in the minority of people whose immune systems do not successfully contain the primary infection. • In this case, the disease may occur within weeks after the primary infection. • Tuberculosis may also lie dormant for years and reappear after an initial time. • Without effective therapy, the disease becomes progressively worse. • In addition without the aid of an active immune system, treatment is more difficult and the disease is more resistant to therapy. http://www.show.me.uk/dbimages/chunked_image/2005_5895.jpg http://www.foxriverwatch.com/lung.jpg

  8. Risks increase with

  9. Adults over 60. Newborns and infants. Illness that has lowered resistance. Use of immunosuppressive drugs. These may reactivate inactive TB. Crowded or unsanitary living conditions. Alcohol and drug abuse; AIDS; homeless people; foreign born or refugees. Health-care workers with close contact with TB patients. http://www.tcp.in/social/uploaded_images/old-people-785688.jpg http://helium.vancouver.wsu.edu/~frederit/ebc/pictures/infants.jpg http://www.pnwboces.org/cesar/Curriculum_Center/SSELA/FourthGrade/unit3/images_Lesson7/crowded street.jpeg http://www.drugs.indiana.edu/resources/druginfo/drugs/images/ALCOHOL_image001.jpg http://www.nursingadvocacy.org/images/nurses_discovery.gif http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/health/marijuana080205.jpg

  10. Symptoms

  11. -Early stages: No symptoms -Second stages: http://tell.fll.purdue.edu/JapanProj/FLClipart/Medical/healthy.gif Fever and night sweats Weight loss Phlegm producing cough Chronic fatigue http://www.health.gov.ab.ca/influenza/SC_coughing.jpg -Later stages: http://diet.espaca.com/index/weightscale.jpg Coughing up blood http://www.natural-herbal-remedies.net/images/chronic.gif Wheezing Excessive sweating Chest pains http://casweb.cas.ou.edu/pbell/Histology/Images/Cartoons/sweat.GIF

  12. Exams and Tests

  13. -Chest x-ray -Examination of the lungs by stethoscope -Sputum cultures -Tuberculin skin test -Examination of the lungs by bronchoscope -Physical Checkup http://www.mylawyer.net/Medical Malpractice Lawyer/Stethescope B&W.jpg http://www.voanews.com/korean/Archive/images/HK_gov_Tuberculosis_xray_150.jpg http://sitemaker.umich.edu/medchem7/files/bloody_sputum.jpg http://www.lung.ca/tb/images/full_archive/101_tuberculin_measure.jpg http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/9138.jpg

  14. Treatment

  15. Basically the only treatment is to cure the infection with antibiotics. Daily oral doses of multiple drugs are taken each day. Treatment is typically continued for 6 months, but longer courses may be required for AIDS patients or those whose disease responds slowly. Hospitalization may be indicated to prevent the spread of the disease to others until the contagious period has been resolved with drug therapy. Normal activity can be Continued after the contagious period. Symptoms may improve in 2 to 3 weeks. A chest x-ray will not show this improvement until later. http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/embedImage.asp%3Fid%3D3781&imgrefurl=http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/news.asp%3Fid%3D3781&h=140&w=140&sz=16&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=YbHVigZ8Qs3ziM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmedicines%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

  16. Possible Complications

  17. Pulmonary Tuberculosis can cause permanent lung damage if not treated early. • All medications used to treat tuberculosis have some toxicity, like Rifampin may cause an orange-brown coloration of tears and urine, and people taking Ethambutol should have their vision monitored, as this drug sometimes affects the eyesight. • Any rash, abdominal pain, jaundices, or tingling in toes or fingers maybe a sign of drug toxicity. http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/health/babyfeet150206.jpg http://teaching.path.cam.ac.uk/Abnormal/TB_Tuberculosis/FS_Fibrocaseous/LU_Lung/A_TB_FS_LU_26.jpg http://owl.me.uk/img-lib/rash.jpg

  18. Prevention

  19. Wash your hands frequently • Wear a mask when near a TB patient • Have an annual TB skin test • Have a chest X-ray • Avoid standing too close to people • when they are coughing • Eat a healthy diet, rich in vitamins, • minerals, calcium, protein and fiber. • Take a BCG (a weakened version of • mycobacterium) vaccination shoot http://www.proki.org/images/m95d.jpg http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/Extension/Aquafarmer/GIFs/f00_wash_hands.gif http://www.lostinthailand.com/images/Travelguides/medical-vaccination.jpg http://www.weightlossresource.com/images/food-pyramid.gif

  20. Research

  21. Treatment has simplified with help of antibiotics • Vaccinations are given to everyone free of charge in USA to stop the spread of TB • Scientists working with TB are trying to cure it faster so less pain occurs to the patient • Scientists are also trying to isolate the disease, for no spreading to occur.

  22. Resources -Dawson, Dawn P.(2002). Tuberculosis. In Magill’s Medical Guide (vol. 3, PP.2317-2322). Pasadena: Salem press, Inc. -Krustuna, R. (2004).Just the facts Tuberculosis: Heinemann Library -Pulmonary tuberculosis Medical Information. Retrieved October 5, 2006 on the World Wide Web<http://www.drugs.com/enc/pulmonary_tuberculosis. html> -Pulmonary tuberculosis. Retrieved October 5, 2006 on the World Wide Web: <http://www.umm.edu/travel/tuberc.htm> Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Retrieved October 5, 2006 on the World Wide Web: < http://www.mdadvice.com/library/symp/illness539.html> -History of Tuberculosis. Retrieved Octuber 5, 2006 on the world wide web: <http://library.thinkquest.org/C0126375/tb_in_the_world.htm>

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