7G Particle Models

1. 7GParticle Models

2. What’s included? • States of matter • Particle Theory • Properties of the states of matter • Diffusion • Pressure

3. The 3 States of Matter Learning Outcomes: ALLwill be able to name the three states of matter MOST will be able to describe the pattern of particles in each state SOME will be able to describe how the movement of particles changes as temperature changes Learning Objective:To learn what the 3 states of matter are and some key properties of each

4. 3 States of Matter Most materials can be described as solids, liquidsor gases How many can you think of????

5. Solid

6. Liquid

7. Gas

8. Particles All materials are made up of little, tiny things called Particles

9. Properties of solids • The particles in a solid are: • closetogether • in a regular pattern • held together strongly • They also • vibrate in a fixed position • cannot move from place to place

10. Properties of liquids • The particles in a liquid are: • close together • arranged in a randomway • held together strongly, not as strong as solids • They also • move around each other

11. How fast do liquids move? Do you think the particles in COLD water or HOT water move faster?

12. Properties of gas • The particles in a gas are: • far apart • arranged in a randomway • not held together • They also • move quickly in all directions

13. Does gas have mass? Do you think a gas has mass? (does it “weigh” anything)

14. Diffusion Learning Outcomes: ALLwill be able to state what diffusion is MOST will be able to draw a particle diagram representing diffusion SOME will be able to describe how the rate of diffusion changes as temperature changes Learning Objective: How can particles move from one place to another?

15. What is Diffusion? • If someone is cooking in the kitchen it doesn't take long for the smell to travel around the house to other rooms • This is because of diffusion

16. Diffusion in gases • The “smelly” particles mix with the air particles. • They eventually spread through the whole room. This is called diffusion. • You don't have to mix the gases by waving your arms around - mixes on its own. • Diffusion in gases is quick • It happens even faster in hot gases

18. Diffusion in liquids • Particles in liquids can move around each other, which means that eventually they are evenly mixed • For example if you drop a little bit of paint into a jar of water the colour will spread slowly through the water. This is by diffusion • Diffusion in liquids is slower than diffusion in gases because the particles in a liquid move more slowly

19. Movement • In diffusion the particles always move from a high concentration to a low concentration High Low

20. Pressure in gases Learning Outcomes: ALLwill be able to describe what happens to particles in a gas MOST will be able to describe how pressure is caused SOME will be able to describe the effect of temperature on pressure Learning Objective: What causes pressure in gases?

21. Bumping Particles • The particles in a gas move quickly in all directions • They will bump into each other or the walls of their container

22. Bumping Particles • When gas particles hit the walls of their container they cause pressure • The more particles that hit the walls, the higher the pressure • This is why the pressure in a tyre or balloon goes up when more air is pumped in

23. Gas particles hit the walls of their container and cause pressure

24. Heating • If a gas is heated up, its particles move around more quickly • They hit the walls of their container harder and more often • This increases the pressure • Sometimes the pressure gets so great that the container bursts

25. Cooling How do you think cooling affects the gas pressure?