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The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. Astrometric VLBI Observation of Spacecraft with Phase Delay. M.Sekido, R.Ichikawa,H.Osaki, T.Kondo,Y.Koyama (National Institute of Information and Communications Technology :NICT,Japan) M.Yoshikawa,T.Ohnishi(ISAS,Japan),
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The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Astrometric VLBI Observation of Spacecraft with Phase Delay M.Sekido, R.Ichikawa,H.Osaki, T.Kondo,Y.Koyama (National Institute of Information and Communications Technology :NICT,Japan) M.Yoshikawa,T.Ohnishi(ISAS,Japan), W.Cannon, A.Novikov (SGL,Canada), M.Berube (NRCan,Canada), and NOZOMI VLBI group(NICT,ISAS,NAOJ,GSI,Gifu Univ. Yamaguchi Univ., Hokkaido Univ., Japan)
VLBI R&RR + R02 R01 SC Astrometry Spacecraft Navigation with VLBI: Motivation Requirments for increased accuracy of orbit control for future space missions: • For landing, orbiting, & saving energy
Jun. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May May 22, 24, 27 VLBI Observations June 4 NOZOMI’s Earth Swing-by • NOZOMI was launched in July 1998. • Due to some troubles, new orbit plan with Earth swing-by was proposed. • R&RR observations were difficult in a period.
Japanese and Canadian VLBI Stations participated in NOZOMI VLBI observations. ISAS,CRL,NAOJ, GSI,Gifu Univ, Yamaguchi Univ. Hokkaido Univ. SGL, NRCan supported. Algonquin SGL & NRCan Tomakomai (Hokkaido Univ.) Mizusawa (NAO) Usuda (ISAS) Gifu (Gifu Univ.) Tsukuba (GSI) Yamaguchi (Yamaguchi Univ.) Koganei (CRL) Kashima (CRL) Kagoshima(ISAS) (uplink)
Tasks to be done for S.C.astrometry are • Constructing VLBI delay mode for Finite distance radio source • Including relativity and curvature of wavefront • Writing Data Processing and Analysis software • Observation with IP-sampler boards recording to HD • Software correlator • Narrow band signal • Analysis software • Group delay or Phase delay • Delay Resolution: (nano/pico seconds) • Ambiguity problem
S B X Y RY0 RX0 K B X Y VLBI delay model for finite distance radio source Normal VLBI VLBI for finite distance radio source (Fukuhisma 1993 A&A)
Relativistic VLBI delay model for finite distance radio source CONSENSUS MODEL (M.Eubanks 1991) Finite Distance VLBI MODEL (Sekido & Fukushima 2003)
III. Computing O-C and least square parameter estimation Analysis Procedure for SC Astometory I. Compute a priori (delay, rate) (C) and partials • We modified “CALC9”for our use(finite VLBI). (Thanks to GSFC/ NASA group for permission to use) II. Extracting Observable (tg, tp)(O) with software correlator.
Group Delay(Post-fit Residual) Delay Residual Rate residual
Estimated Coordinates(Group Delay) 6/4(R&RR) 6/4(VLBI) June 4 Orbit motion May 27 Origin is Orbit on May 27, which was Determined by ISAS with R&RR Origin is Orbit on June 4.
Observable: Phase Delay & Group delay 2p n ambiguity tg:Group Delay Dtp ~ 1/RF ~1 pico second Phase Phase Delay Dtg ~ 1/BW ~1 nano second (Spacecraft) Band width 0 Frequency
Closure of Phase delay (Kashima-Usuda-Tsukuba) A C Kashima-Usuda-Tsukuba B Phase delay
Post Fit Delay Residual (sec) Phase Delay Post fit residual
Summary • VLBI observations for spacecraft were performed with domestic and intercontinental baselines. • Formula for Finite VLBI delay model and analysis software was developed by using CALC9. • Astrometric SC coordinates were obtained with Group/Phase delay observables by absolute astrometry. • Nest step: • Improve coordinates accuracy by using differential VLBI technique.
Orbit of NOZOMI Jun. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Space
Group Delay(Range signal) Closure Observation mode = 2MHz, 2bit
Spacecraft Navigation with VLBI : Motivation Required for increased accuracy for future space missions: • For landing, orbiting, & saving energy • JPL/NASA has been employed • Japanese Space Agency (ISAS+NASDA=JAXA) • NOZOMI(Japanese Mars Explorer) • Needs to support orbit determination with VLBI. • Mission as our own Project
VLBI R&RR + R02 R01 Spacecraft Navigation
Observation:IP-VLBI Sampler board K5VLBISystem • Sampling rate:40k-16MHz • Quantization bit: 1-8bit • 4ch/board • 10MHz,1PPS inputs
Post Fit Delay Residual (sec) PredictedOrbit Determined Orbit Phase Delay Analysis 4 June 2003
Predicted Orbit Determined Orbit Estimated CoordinatesComparison with R&RR measurement