AIMS OF THE COURSE

1. GOOD MORNING!WELCOME TO NAT SCI I THR 2nd SEM., AY 2011-12DR. HENRY J. RAMOSProfessor of Physics, Director-PMRGO-OVCRD Tel. 920-9749 (NIP) Rm 243 NSRIVOIP: 4050 (OVCRD)E-mail: henry.j.ramos@gmail.comhttp://nsri.upd.edu.ph/downloads/hjramosCONSULTATION HOURS: 2-5:30 MWF (Room 340 NIP New Building )

2. NATURAL SCIENCE I Fundamental concepts, principles and theories of physics and chemistry.http://www.science.upd.edu.ph/ssp/

3. AIMS OF THE COURSE • a capacity for independent, critical and creative thinking • to infuse a passion for learning with a high sense of moral and intellectual integrity • help the students develop an awareness, to cultivate understanding, and appreciation of the various disciplines of the natural sciences, particularly physics and chemistry. • to broaden the student’s intellectual horizon

4. Course Requirements Four (4) long examinations + (finals) Grading scale Score Final grade Score Final Grade 90 - 100 % 1.0 60 - 64% 2.5 85 - 89 % 1.25 55 - 59% 2.75 80 - 84 % 1.5 50 - 54% 3.0 75 - 79 % 1.75 45 - 49% 4.0 70 - 74% 2.0 44 - 0% 5.0 65 - 69% 2.25

5. OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE I. Introduction to Natural Sciences II. Ancient Views About Nature III.The Emergence of Physics: Kepler, Galileo IV. Newton’s Mechanical Synthesis V. The Unification of Electricity, Magnetism and Light VI. Einstein’s Relativistic Revolution VII. Quantum World of Uncertainties

6. OVERVIEW Con’t. VIII. The Structure of Atoms IX. Probing the Subatomic World X. The Origin and Evolution of the Universe XI. The Elements of the Universe XII. Chemical Bonds XIII. Three States of Matter XIV. Chemical Reactions

7. WHAT IS SCIENCE? • Study of nature • Cumulative body of knowledge • Deals with measurable quantities • Its method consists of experimentation and theoretical formulation • systematic enterprise of gathering knowledge about the universe and condensing that knowledge into testable laws and theories

8. WHAT DO STUDENTS SAY ABOUT SCIENCE? “science is the only field that could be exploited to improve the well being of individuals within a society” “science is a domain of knowledge following a method which is deductive-nomological in structure thereby making it objective” “science is a way of thinking that requires critical analysis and logical reasoning, and able to withstand the rigorous process of experimentation” “science permeates all areas of society” “science has this self-correcting nature that sets it apart from other fields” “science is the root of all the other fields”

9. WHAT DO STUDENTS SAY ABOUT SCIENCE? “science is the only field that could be exploited to improve the well being of individuals within a society” “science is a domain of knowledge following a method which is deductive-nomological in structure thereby making it objective” “science is a way of thinking that requires critical analysis and logical reasoning, and able to withstand the rigorous process of experimentation” “science permeates all areas of society” “science has this self-correcting nature that sets it apart from other fields” “science is the root of all the other fields”

10. “science paves the way for discoveries and inventions” “science relies on what is real, concrete, observable, tangible and quantifiable” “science offers the truth based on facts and the evidence” “science, together with its mistress, technology, has helped made lives easier and more convenient” “science is a systematic body of knowledge that continually progresses and grows and never undergoing apoptosis” “science provides the environment for man’s growth for critical and analytical thinking”  “science is a religion based on faith that is concrete, based on evidence and proven” “science is the pillar of man’s inner evolution”

11. THE VALUE OF SCIENCE 1. Scientific knowledge enables us to do all kinds of things and to make all kinds of things. 2. Science extends and enriches our lives, expands our imagination, and liberates us from the bonds of ignorance and superstition. 3. Science is humanity’s best tool for prying open the infinite vistas of the unknown. 4. Science is an open system, subject to an infinite process of all correction.

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD • 1. Observe some aspect of the universe. • 2. Invent a tentative description, called a hypothesis, that is consistent with what you have observed. • 3. Use the hypothesis to make predictions. • 4. Test those predictions by experiments or further observations and modify the hypothesis in the light of your results. • 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until there are no discrepancies between theory and experiment and/or observation. When consistency is obtained the hypothesis becomes a theory and provides a coherent set of propositions which explain a class of phenomena. A theory is then a framework within which observations are explained and predictions are made.

13. SCIENTIFIC METHOD

14. WHAT IS PHYSICS? • PHYSICS is the classic “hard science” whose methods and modes of thought provide a valuable model for most human activities. • The practice and development of physics underpin virtually all of the other sciences. • PHYSICS is one of the major driving forces of innovation and research: it provides the theoretical and analytical basis, quantitative techniques, and context of much of modern science. Applied physics, which underlies much of engineering, frequently provides the means of bringing research results to bear on social, health and economic problems.

15. SCIENCE AND SOCIETY • Ptolemy’s view of the universe influenced medieval thought • Newton’s laws of motion and gravitation led to a mechanistic view of the universe (expressed in terms of ideas like Adam Smith’s laissez-faire) • Society and technology affect science by: • * setting the direction of science • * putting a limit to the development of science

16. SOME SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS • Einstein’s gravity theory • Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory • Quantum theory • Universality of conservation laws • Theory of superfluidity • Discovery of high-temperature superconductivity