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Brain Cooling

Brain Cooling. BME 301/201 Client: Ugo Faraguna Advisor: Dr. Mitch Tyler. Jay Sekhon (Leader) Jon Seaton (Communicator) David Leinweber (BSAC) Mark Reagan (BWIG). Background. Client is looking for the mechanism behind sleep Hypothesis: Sleep linked to neural activity

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Brain Cooling

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  1. Brain Cooling BME 301/201 Client: Ugo Faraguna Advisor: Dr. Mitch Tyler Jay Sekhon (Leader) Jon Seaton (Communicator) David Leinweber (BSAC) Mark Reagan (BWIG)

  2. Background • Client is looking for the mechanism behind sleep • Hypothesis: Sleep linked to neural activity • Neural & Metabolic changes are reflected in sleep • Reducing these changes could change sleep/waking cycle • Experiment: Silence local neural activity • Silencing possible by cooling tissue

  3. Client Requirements • Cool 3mm diameter area of brain tissue • Cannot cause tissue damage/kill cells • Cooling must be done in 30 min to 1 hour • Must maintain tissue temperature for 6 hours • Must cool tissue to ~20°C • Must be easy to use, efficient, and mobile • Must cause no interference with EEG

  4. Relevant Equations: Q=mCpΔT Thermodynamics Heat liberated to reach 20°C:         0.5 - 20 Btus =         0.5275 - 21.10 J Density of Tissue = 1.05 g/cm3 Heat Capacity of Tissue = 0.85 (Tanaka et al. 2008)

  5. Directional electron flow removes heat "Hot" side needs to be cooled Cell size can be very small: <3mm Option 1: Peltier Cells Adapted from: http://www.marlow.com/TechnicalInfo/images/faq_fig1.gif

  6. Relevant Equations: PV = nRT Requires pressurized air ~80-100 psi Option 2: Vortex Tube http://www.process-controls.com/techsales/Nex_Flow/vortex_tube.htm

  7. Absorbs heat via convection Similar to some computer cooling devices Option 3: Liquid Cooling

  8. Similar setup to liquid cooling Uses energy change between gas/liquid phases Option 4: Phase Change Cooling

  9. Design Matrix

  10. Fabricated device Combination of Peltier cell and other design Run tests to choose secondary cooling device Test for EEG signal interruption Future Work

  11. References Cespuglio, R., et al. "Alterations in the Sleep-Waking Cycle Induced by Cooling of the Locus Coeruleus Area." Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology 54.5 (1982): 570-8. Imoto, H., et al. "Use of a Peltier Chip with a Newly Devised Local Brain-Cooling System for Neocortical Seizures in the Rat. Technical Note." Journal of neurosurgery 104.1 (2006): 150-6. Rothman, S., and X. F. Yang. "Local Cooling: A Therapy for Intractable Neocortical Epilepsy." Epilepsy currents / American Epilepsy Society 3.5 (2003): 153-6. Tanaka, N., et al. "Effective Suppression of Hippocampal Seizures in Rats by Direct Hippocampal Cooling with a Peltier Chip." Journal of neurosurgery 108.4 (2008): 791-7.

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