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Chapter 3 Operating Systems

Chapter 3 Operating Systems. Computers: Tools for An Information Age. Operating Systems: Hidden Software. A set of programs that lies between applications software and the hardware. Objectives of Operating Systems. Manages computer’s resources (CPU, peripheral devices )

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Chapter 3 Operating Systems

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  1. Chapter 3Operating Systems Computers:Tools for An Information Age

  2. Operating Systems: Hidden Software • A set of programs that lies between applications software and the hardware

  3. Objectives of Operating Systems • Manages computer’s resources (CPU, peripheral devices) • Establishes a user interface • Determines how user interacts with operating system • Provides and executes services for applications software

  4. User Interface (UI) The most common user interfaces are: • Command-line • Text only • E.g. DOS • Graphical User Interface (GUI) • Images, icons, menus, drag and drop • E.g. Windows, Mac OS

  5. Systems Software • All programs related to coordinating computer operations • Examples: • Operating systems • Programming language translators • Convert program code to machine-readable form • Utility programs • Perform secondary chores (tasks)

  6. Kernel • Manages the operating system • Loaded from hard drive into memory when computer is booted • Booting refers to starting the computer • Loads other operating system programs from disk storage as needed • Other programs referred to as nonresident

  7. Uses of Operating Systems • Operating systems are used in: • Personal computers • Networks • Large computers

  8. Operating Systems for PCs • Platform: combination of computer hardware and operating system software (personal computer) • Common Platforms: • MS-DOS • Windows • MAC OS • Unix • Linux

  9. MS-DOS • Uses a command-line interface • Screen provides prompts for user • User types commands • Largely replaced by graphical user interfaces • Not user-friendly

  10. MS Windows • Uses a graphical user interface (GUI) • A layer added “on top” of DOS • Separates operating system from user • Makes operating system easier to use • Called a shell

  11. Graphical User Interface • User clicks an icon to perform tasks • Start Menu in lower left corner launches programs • Use menus to activate commands

  12. Windows Features • Long file names (up to 255 characters) • Plug and Play • Makes installing hardware components easier

  13. Windows Family • Windows 95 • Windows 98 • Windows ME • Windows XP • Windows 7 • Windows CE • Windows Mobile • Windows NT • Windows 2000 • Windows Server 2003 • Windows Server 2008

  14. Apple MAC OS • Designed for the Macintosh computer • First commercially successful GUI • Has served as the model for Windows and other GUI products developed since then

  15. Linux • Uses command-line interface • Many companies have created a GUI to work with Linux • Open-source concept • Source code is free • Users can download, change, and distribute the software • More stable than Windows • Applications relatively scarce (uncommon)

  16. Network Operating Systems • Examples: • Windows NT Server • Windows 2000 Server • Windows Server 2003 • Windows Server 2008 • Windows .NET Server • Novell Netware • Unix • Linux

  17. Utility Programs • Perform secondary chores (tasks) • Examples: • File manager • File compression • Others

  18. File Manager • Stores files in a hierarchical directory structure • Windows uses Windows Explorer

  19. File Compression • Reduces amount of space a file requires • Makes file take up less space on disk • Takes less time to transmit across communication lines

  20. Other Utility Programs • Backup and Restore • Backup: make copies of disks and store in a safe place • Restore: restore files from backups • Disk defragmenter: reorganizes disk so all files are stored in contiguous locations • Device driver: handles commands for devices, such as printers and storage devices

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