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Brain and Leadership

This article explores the effects of stress on the brain, focusing on how challenge and concrete experience can turn off the CEO (conscious executive officer) of the brain. It discusses various brain activation patterns and consciousness states associated with different types of thoughts and meditation practices. The article also examines the impact of Transcendental Meditation (TM) on brain functioning and integration.

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Brain and Leadership

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  1. Brain and Leadership Professor Frederick Travis, PhD Director, Center for Brain, Consciousness, and Cognition Maharishi University of Management Fairfield, Iowa USA

  2. Thinking and action CEO Emotions Concrete Experience

  3. Stress Challenge Stress turns off the CEO of the brain 1. Challenge CE0 2. Stress

  4. Experience changes the brain….

  5. Activation of visual cortex in a sighted person reading a book,

  6. Activation of visual cortex: in a sighted person reading a book, and in a blind person “reading” Braille.

  7. Conscious Thoughts • Loving-kindness-compassion (Lutz eta l. 2004); • Other studies with single group or case study designs • Qigong (Litscher et al, 2001) • Zen–3rd ventricle (Huang and Lo, 2009) • Diamond Way Buddhism (Lehmann et al., 2001) Focused Attention: Gamma (20-50 Hz) Travis and Shear, 2010

  8. Conscious Thoughts Focused Attention: Gamma (20-50 Hz) Open Monitoring: Theta (4-8 Hz) • Vipassana meditation (Cahn et al., 2010) • Zen meditation (ZaZen) (Murata, et al, 1994) • Sahaja Yoga (Aftanas and Golocheikine, 2001; Baijal & Srinivasan, 2009) • Concentrative Qigong (Pan, Zhang, & Xia, 1994) Travis and Shear, 2010

  9. Conscious Thoughts Focused Attention: Gamma (20-50 Hz) Open Monitoring: Theta (4-8 Hz) Automatic Self-Transcending: Alpha 1 (8-10 Hz) Travis and Shear, 2010

  10. Paradoxical Alpha (TM) Front Center Back Alpha as Idling (eyes closed) Travis et al, 2009

  11. Task: 5 sec – 0 sec Alpha Beta Gamma

  12. TM: 30 sec – 35 sec Alpha Beta Gamma

  13. TM technique (Dillbeck & Bronson, 1981) • TM technique (Travis & Wallace., 1999) • TM technique (Travis et al., 2001) • TM technique (Hebert et al., 2005) • TM technique (Travis & Arenander., 2006) • TM technique (Travis et al., 2010) • Other case study • Qigong (Qin, et al, 2009) Conscious Thoughts Automatic Self-Transcending: Alpha 1 (8-10 Hz) Travis and Shear, 2010

  14. Transcending during TM

  15. Transcending during TM

  16. Transcending during TM

  17. Transcending during TM

  18. Transcending during TM Pure Consciousness

  19. Frontal and Parietal Hippo-campus and Thalamus Restful Alertness during TM practice Baseline TM Practice FDG-PET Newberg, A., Travis, F., Wintering, N., Nidich, S., Alavi, A. & Schneider, R. Neural Imaging conference, Miami, Fl., 2006.

  20. Brain Functioning during Simple and Choice Reaction Time Tasks

  21. 1st Task (Attention) In the first task, you'll see an * in the middle of the screen. Then you'll hear a tone. As soon as you hear the tone, press the space bar as fast as you can.

  22. 2nd Task (Remain Balanced) In this task, you'll see a number in the middle of the screen; then a blank screen for 1.5 seconds; and then a second number. If the first number is greater, press the left button. If the second number is greater, press the right button.

  23. Alpha Amplitude • Coherence

  24. Differences in CNV

  25. Correlation of the Brain Integration Report Card with: • Travis et al 2004, Consciousness and Cognition, 13/2, 401-420.

  26. p < .001 American University College Students (random assignment to groups) Brain Integration during tasks (3-monTM) Travis et al, 2009

  27. p < .001 American University College Students (random assignment to groups) Brain Integration during tasks (3-monTM) Travis et al, 2009

  28. p < .001 American University College Students (random assignment to groups) Brain Integration during tasks (3-monTM) Travis et al, 2009

  29. (Nidich et al, 2009)

  30. Thank you. Any Questions? Ftravis@mum.edu

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