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Teachings of Judaism

Teachings of Judaism. Review of Origins: Origin of Judaism Review Video Judaism vs. Other Monotheistic Religions. Exile in Babylon. Hebrews forced to leave homeland after Kingdom of Judah conquered by Neo-Babylonians While in Babylon, the religion of these Judeans became known as “Judaism”

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Teachings of Judaism

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  1. Teachings of Judaism Review of Origins: Origin of Judaism Review Video Judaism vs. Other Monotheistic Religions

  2. Exile in Babylon • Hebrews forced to leave homeland after Kingdom of Judah conquered by Neo-Babylonians • While in Babylon, the religion of these Judeans became known as “Judaism” • Exile(being separated from home) = central theme in Judaism • Beginning of Jewish Diaspora – scattering of the Jewish people outside of single homeland

  3. The Temple • Temple of Solomon central place of worship • Burned down by Neo-Babylonians, rebuilt by King Herod • After Great Jewish Revolt, Jerusalem and Temple burned down again by the Romans, Jewish land seized and Jews forbidden to enter city • Only remains were the western wall of temple = “wailing wall” still sacred site by Jews today Stone carving showing the Romans carrying treasures and items from the Jewish Temple (note the menorah)

  4. Wailing Wall/Western Wall in Jerusalem (note the Dome of the Rock Muslim shrine on top of the area above the wall known as the Temple Mount).

  5. Which three religions consider Jerusalem a holy site? How is this problematic?

  6. Preservation of the Faith • With Temple destroyed and Jewish people scattered, how would the religion survive? • Establishing schools for training of rabbis = teachers of Jewish faith • Establishment of synagogues in any community with at least 10 adult males • Houses of worship • Place of study • Meeting place/social center • Any adult male can read sacred texts, not just rabbis • These steps establish community and culture for Jews wherever they settled

  7. Sacred Writings • Tanakh • Torah = Five books of Moses • Nevi'im = books of the prophets • Ketuvim = Psalms/Proverbs & other “writings” • Talmud = commentaries of learned rabbis on the Hebrew Bible & Jewish teaching • Combine narrative, law, morality, & tradition

  8. Central Beliefs • Monotheism – single God who is all-knowing (omniscient) and all-powerful (omnipotent) • God is source of morality (right & wrong) • Duty of humans: honor/obey God –based on Covenant • Equality among all people • Prayer essential for maintaining relationship with God; certain prayers for certain times and events

  9. Law (Halakha) • Found in the Torah and Talmud • 613 Mosaic laws • 248 positive (what you should do) • 365 negative (what you should not do) • Includes Ten Commandments Ten Commandments • You shall have no other gods • You shall not create false idols • You shall not take God’s name in vain • Keep holy the Sabbath • Honor your father & mother • You shall not murder • You shall not commit adultery • You shall not steal • You shall not bear false witness • You shall not covet

  10. Examples of Law in Practice • Observing the Sabbath from sunset Friday to sunset Saturday – prayer & rest • Kosher Laws – foods prepared in certain ways, eaten in certain order, some foods avoided (pork, shellfish) • Prayer • Made at certain times of day (ex. Shema) • Wearing of kippah on head and tefillin on forehead and left arm Jewish Men praying in a ceremony for the Blessing of the Sun

  11. Other Traditions • Celebration of holy days • Passover: freedom from Egypt • Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year • Yom Kippur: Day of Atonement • Shavuot: giving of the Torah • Sukkoth: wandering in the desert • Life events • Naming ceremonies • Bar/bat mitzvah: coming of age • Weddings • Mourning practices for the death of loved ones

  12. Group Investigations 1.) Passover: freedom from Egypt 2.) Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year 3.) Yom Kippur: Day of Atonement 4.) Shavuot: giving of the Torah 5.) Sukkoth: wandering in the desert

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