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A Review of Energy from Fossil Fuels

A Review of Energy from Fossil Fuels. APES 2012. Energy Sources and Uses. The three fossil fuels---name these– provide 85% of the US’s energy and 87% of the world’s energy. The most common way to get electricity is to use a _________________ works by

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A Review of Energy from Fossil Fuels

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  1. A Review of Energy from Fossil Fuels APES 2012

  2. Energy Sources and Uses The three fossil fuels---name these– provide 85% of the US’s energy and 87% of the world’s energy. The most common way to get electricity is to use a _________________ works by 1- creating a high-pressure steam by boiling water 2-directing the high-pressure steam at a turbine (like a big fan blade) to cause the blades to turn 3-connecting the turbine to a generator, which turns mechanical energy into electrical energy

  3. Energy Sources and Uses The three fossil fuels---oil, coal, and natural gas– provide 85% of the US’s energy and 87% of the world’s energy. The most common way to get electricity is to use a turbogenerator. A turbogenerator works by 1- creating a high-pressure steam by boiling water 2-directing the high-pressure steam at a turbine (like a big fan blade) to cause the blades to turn 3-connecting the turbine to a generator, which turns mechanical energy into electrical energy

  4. Exploiting Crude Oil As living organisms die, they get buried under layers of sediment. ________and ________ convert the remains of living organisms into coal, oil, and natural gas. 3 methods for recovering oil 1-primary recovery through conventional pumping removes only 25% of the oil 2-secondary recovery, which involves injecting ___________ into a well to pressurize and force out the remaining oi, removes 50% more of the oil from the field 3-with enhanced recover, __________ is injected into the oil field, which breaks up oil droplets and allows more oil to be removed

  5. Exploiting Crude Oil As living organisms die, they get buried under layers of sediment. Heat and pressure convert the remains of living organisms into coal, oil, and natural gas. 3 methods for recovering oil 1-primary recovery through conventional pumping removes only 25% of the oil 2-secondary recovery, which involves injecting brine or steam into a well to pressurize and force out the remaining oil, removes 50% more of the oil from the field 3-with enhanced recover, carbon dioxide is injected into the oil field, which breaks up oil droplets and allows more oil to be removed

  6. Exploiting Crude Oil The US has become increasingly dependent upon foreign oil reserves. There are several problems associated with this dependence 1-30% of the US’s balance-of-payment deficit goes to?? 2- the________________(where most of our nation’s oil is imported) is politically unstable, and a strong US military presence will have to be maintained to ensure access to this oil 3-Domestic supplies of oil are running low, and no new oil fields are expected to be found

  7. Exploiting Crude Oil The US has become increasingly dependent upon foreign oil reserves. There are several problems associated with this dependence 1-30% of the US’s balance-of-payment deficit goes to oil (the price of a barrel of oil has tripled in the last 6 years) 2- the Middle East (where most of our nation’s oil is imported) is politically unstable, and a strong US military presence will have to be maintained to ensure access to this oil 3-Domestic supplies of oil are running low, and no new oil fields are expected to be found

  8. Other Fossil Fuels the US has a ???-year supply of natural gas with an estimated reserve of 50 years 15% of the natural gas Americans use is imported, mainly from ___________ Cars can be run off natural gas, which is cleaner to burn than oil

  9. Other Fossil Fuels the US has a 25-year supply of natural gas with an estimated reserve of 50 years 15% of the natural gas Americans use is imported, mainly from Canada Cars can be run off natural gas, which is cleaner to burn than oil

  10. Other Fossil Fuels In the US ___% of electricity comes from coal-fired power plants There is approximately __ years of coal left in proven reserves _______, the most common method of coal removal, is very degrading to the natural ecosystem. While the land can be reclaimed and brought back, reclamation takes years. Coals goes through a series of stages as heat and pressure increases and moisture content decreases. Those stages are, in order, peat, lignite, bituminous, and anthracite.

  11. Other Fossil Fuels In the US 50% of electricity comes from coal-fired power plants There is approximately 225 years of coal left in proven reserves Strip mining, the most common method of coal removal, is very degrading to the natural ecosystem. While the land can be reclaimed and brought back, reclamation takes years. Coals goes through a series of stages as heat and pressure increases and moisture content decreases. Those stages are, in order, peat, lignite, bituminous, and anthracite.

  12. Other Fossil Fuels ___________ is a rock that, when heated to 1,100 F, produces a type of crude oil that can be extracted and refined into gasoline. The organic matter contained within this is called ______________. _____________ are rocks containing a tar-like substance that, when heated, can be refined Producing oil from oil shade and oil sands is expensive and damaging to the environment

  13. Other Fossil Fuels Oil shale is a rock that, when heated to 1,100 F, produces a type of crude oil that can be extracted and refined into gasoline. The organic matter contained within the oil shale is called kerogen. Oil sands are rocks containing a tar-like substance that, when heated, can be refined Producing oil from oil shade and oil sands is expensive and damaging to the environment

  14. Energy Security and Policy Currently, there are 3 main security threats that shape the US energy use. 1-_________ dependence; 65% of proven these reserves are in the Persian Gulf region 2-_________________; nuclear power plants, dams, oil and gas pipelines, refineries, tankers, and electrical grids are targets 3-_________________- if we continue to produce greenhouse gasses (especially CO2), polar ice caps will melt, which will cause sea levels to rise, changes in rainfall, more extreme storms, droughts, heat waves and ecosystems change

  15. Energy Security and Policy Currently, there are 3 main security threats that shape the US energy use. 1-oil dependence; 65% of proven oil reserves are in the Persian Gulf region 2-terrorism; nuclear power plants, dams, oil and gas pipelines, refineries, tankers, and electrical grids are targets 3-global climate change- if we continue to produce greenhouse gasses (especially CO2), polar ice caps will melt, which will cause sea levels to rise, changes in rainfall, more extreme storms, droughts, heat waves and ecosystems change

  16. Quick Check- Energy A power company uses natural gas to run a plant and then uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of • Oil dependence • Primary recovery • Cogeneration • Reclamation • turbogenerators

  17. Quick Check- Energy A power company uses natural gas to run a plant and then uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of • Oil dependence • Primary recovery • Cogeneration • Reclamation • turbogenerators

  18. Quick Check- Energy If the average American uses 23 barrels of petroleum a year, then how much does the entire population use? • 10 million barrels • 250 million barrels • 2 billion barrels • 10 billion barrels • 7 billion barrels

  19. Quick Check- Energy If the average American uses 23 barrels of petroleum a year, then how much does the entire population use? • 10 million barrels • 250 million barrels • 2 billion barrels • 10 billion barrels • 7 billion barrels

  20. Quick Check- Energy Which statement about coal supplies is true? • S. America and Central America contain 50% of the world’s coal supplies • N. America contains 40% of the world’s coal supplies • The Middle East contains 33% of the world’s coal supplies • Eastern Europe and the former USSR contain 54% of the world’s coal supplies • N. America, E. Europe, and the former USSR contain 56% of the world’s coal supplies

  21. Quick Check- Energy Which statement about coal supplies is true? • S. America and Central America contain 50% of the world’s coal supplies • N. America contains 40% of the world’s coal supplies • The Middle East contains 33% of the world’s coal supplies • Eastern Europe and the former USSR contain 54% of the world’s coal supplies • N. America, E. Europe, and the former USSR contain 56% of the world’s coal supplies

  22. Quick Check- Energy The stages of coal, classified by heat and sulfur content, from the softest and most moist to the hardest and driest are • bituminous, anthracite, peat, lignite • Lignite, anthracite, peat, bituminous • Bituminous, peat,lignite, anthracite • Peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite • Peat, bituminous, anthracite, lignite

  23. Quick Check- Energy The stages of coal, classified by heat and sulfur content, from the softest and most moist to the hardest and driest are • bituminous, anthracite, peat, lignite • Lignite, anthracite, peat, bituminous • Bituminous, peat,lignite, anthracite • Peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite • Peat, bituminous, anthracite, lignite

  24. Quick Check- Energy Which of the following countries has the largest coal reserves? • Japan • Italy • China • Mexico • Africa

  25. Quick Check- Energy Which of the following countries has the largest coal reserves? • Japan • Italy • China • Mexico • Africa

  26. Quick Check- Energy Approximately how many years of proven reserves of coal are left? • 50 years • 75 years • 125 years • 175 years • 225 years

  27. Quick Check- Energy Approximately how many years of proven reserves of coal are left? • 50 years • 75 years • 125 years • 175 years • 225 years

  28. Quick Check- Energy Which of the following is an example cogeneration? • Using solar panels to convert light energy into heat • using wave action to generate electricity • Using a dam to convert hydraulic energy into electrical energy • Using heat from a waste incinerator to generate electrical energy • Using radioactive fission to produce electricity

  29. Quick Check- Energy Which of the following is an example cogeneration? • Using solar panels to convert light energy into heat • using wave action to generate electricity • Using a dam to convert hydraulic energy into electrical energy • Using heat from a waste incinerator to generate electrical energy • Using radioactive fission to produce electricity

  30. Quick Check- Energy Which energy source is the cleanest in the US? • Oil • Lignite • Natural gas • Radioactive material • anthracite

  31. Quick Check- Energy Which energy source is the cleanest in the US? • Oil • Lignite • Natural gas • Radioactive material • anthracite

  32. Quick Check- Energy Which of the following is not a reason for importing oil from the Middle East? • It is cheap • It is plentiful • It is easily assessed • It is higher quality than other crude oils • It is the least environmentally sensitive region for oil production

  33. Quick Check- Energy Which of the following is not a reason for importing oil from the Middle East? • It is cheap • It is plentiful • It is easily assessed • It is higher quality than other crude oils • It is the least environmentally sensitive region for oil production

  34. Quick Check- Energy Strip mining is detrimental to the environment for all of the following reasons except • Contamination of groundwater • Disruption of habitat • Air pollution • Aesthetic appeal • Destruction of wetlands

  35. Quick Check- Energy Strip mining is detrimental to the environment for all of the following reasons except • Contamination of groundwater • Disruption of habitat • Air pollution • Aesthetic appeal • Destruction of wetlands

  36. Quick Check- Energy Running at full capacity, a power company is able to generate 10 megawatts of electricity to a city that demands 10,000 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electrical energy per year. There are 5,000 homes in the city, and each homeowner pays $0.10 per kWh. If the power plant operates at full capacity for 10,000 hours/year, how many kilowatts of electricity can be produced by the plant in a year?

  37. Quick Check- Energy Running at full capacity, a power company is able to generate 10 megawatts of electricity to a city that demands 10,000 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electrical energy per year. There are 5,000 homes in the city, and each homeowner pays $0.10 per kWh. If the power plant operates at full capacity for 10,000 hours/year, how many kilowatts of electricity can be produced by the plant in a year? 1X104 kW X 10,000= 100,000,000 kWh/yr or 1.0 X 108

  38. Quick Check- Energy Running at full capacity, a power company is able to generate 10 megawatts of electricity to a city that demands 10,000 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electrical energy per year. There are 5,000 homes in the city, and each homeowner pays $0.10 per kWh. At the current rate of electrical energy use per household, how many kilowatts of electrical energy does the community consume in one year?

  39. Quick Check- Energy Running at full capacity, a power company is able to generate 10 megawatts of electricity to a city that demands 10,000 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electrical energy per year. There are 5,000 homes in the city, and each homeowner pays $0.10 per kWh. At the current rate of electrical energy use per household, how many kilowatts of electrical energy does the community consume in one year? 5,000 homes X 10,000 kWh = 50,000,000

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