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Please make a note… Syllabus gspp.berkeley/iths/Cyberlife_Syllabus.htm

Please make a note… Syllabus http://gspp.berkeley.edu/iths/Cyberlife_Syllabus.htm Stephen M. Maurer smaurer@berkeley.edu Todd Fawley-King Tfawleyk@gmail.com. Cyberlife Lecture 3: From Internet to Web. The Story So Far. Simple Elements + Concatenation

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Please make a note… Syllabus gspp.berkeley/iths/Cyberlife_Syllabus.htm

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  1. Please make a note… Syllabus http://gspp.berkeley.edu/iths/Cyberlife_Syllabus.htm Stephen M. Maurer smaurer@berkeley.edu Todd Fawley-King Tfawleyk@gmail.com

  2. Cyberlife Lecture 3: From Internet to Web

  3. The Story So Far Simple Elements + Concatenation Transistors and Integrated Circuits (Moore’s Law) Networks

  4. The Internet

  5. The Internet Who Built It? Imagining the Need “Network Externalities” How Big Should the Network Be?

  6. The Internet B A

  7. "Clipping, damping, amplitude compression, electronic differentiation and integration of normal human speech were engineering desecrations comparable to the dismemberment of a southern resort area like Novy Afon or Guzuf into little fragments of matter, stuffing them into a billion matchboxes, mixing them all up, flying them to Nerchinsk, sorting them out and reassembling them in their new location so that the result could not be distinguished from the original -- a recreation of the subtropics, the sound of waves on the shore, the southern air and moonlight." A I Solzhenitsyn, The First Circle (Harper & Row: NY: 1968). T. P. Whitney, Trans. Packet Switching

  8. The Internet Implementation (A) TCP (“Transmission Control Protocol”) Breaks Up and Reassembles Packets Negotiates Packet Size Breaks Up Data Into Packets Detects Errors & Lost Packets Checksums Reassembles Packets in correct order

  9. The Internet IP/Internet Protocol Routes Individual Packets 32 Bit (8 digit) Addresses Domain Names Inside the Network Gateways and Routing Tables

  10. The Internet Ethernet 128.6.4.194 Institution Machine (1 -254)

  11. Domain Names Root UC GSPP Prof. Maurer

  12. The Internet IP/Internet Protocol Routes Individual Packets 32 Bit (8 digit) Addresses Domain Names Routing Inside the Network Gateways and Routing Tables

  13. The Web

  14. The Internet A Network on top of the Internet

  15. Innovation A Social 20 Machines in 1993 2 Million Machines in 1999

  16. The Web: Social & Economic Forces How Did Berners-Lee Do It ??? Governance Gopher: Was The Web Inevitable? Microsoft, Netscape & The Browser Wars

  17. How Did He Do It? Supply Demand

  18. Reminder: Freshman Micro Multiple Equilibria! Tipping (the “Bobsled”) price S D quantity

  19. Tactics: The Supply Side

  20. How Did He Do It? The Supply Side Demonstrations and Talks “Rather than enter into useless debate, I simply… showed the Web as much as possible.” [44] Hypertext ’91 Demo [50] Diplomacy UDI  URI  URL [62]

  21. How Did He Do It? The Supply Side Enthusiasts “Hey, I just set up a server, it’s dead cool…” [47] Student-designed Browsers [56] Corporate and Government Forces HP, KU, NCSA Browsers [67 - 68] O’Reilly “Internet in a Box.” [80]

  22. How Did He Do It? The Demand Side

  23. How Did He Do It? The Demand Side Finding Content Phone book [32] Popular databases [50] Switching Costs Making Things Easy Basing HTML on SGML [41- 42] Compatibility Free Software

  24. The Web: Social & Economic Forces How Did Berners-Lee Do It ??? Governance Gopher: Was The Web Inevitable? Microsoft, Netscape & The Browser Wars

  25. Governance Early Experiments Internet Engineering Task Force [62 - 63] Dueling Conferences: “Would you mind canceling your conference so we can go ahead with ours?” [79] W3C Meetings, publicity & sponsors Staff for developing specifications and software.

  26. Governance A New Type of Politics? The Philosopher King “In most cases there would be clear consensus from the membership anyway. In a few cases we would go ahead despite the objections of a minority…Sally’s PR machine would encourage everyone everywhere to adopt it.”

  27. The Web: Social & Economic Forces How Did Berners-Lee Do It ??? Governance Gopher: Was The Web Inevitable? Microsoft, Netscape & The Browser Wars

  28. Was the Web Inevitable? Gopher (UMinn.) vs. Web Technical inferiority or social model? IP Rights [73] Berners Lee rejects GPL [73] IBM rejects GPL… [73] Transactions Costs Anticommons problems Monopoly power

  29. Was the Web Inevitable? Minitel phone directory (free) mail-order retail companies airline or train ticket purchases information services databases message boards 9 million terminals, 25 million users

  30. The Web: Social & Economic Forces How Did Berners-Lee Do It ??? Governance Gopher: Was The Web Inevitable? Microsoft, Netscape & The Browser Wars

  31. The Browser Wars Internet Explorer vs. Netscape Bundling Explorer with Windows Innovation vs. Antitrust Navigator Goes Open Source

  32. Short Readings Internet Studies Empirical

  33. Short Readings How Big Is the Internet? What’s On It? Methods Search Engines Crawlers Number of Links Popularity XML Registration Payola

  34. Short Readings Internet Studies Empirical Economics - The Restaurant Effect

  35. Short Readings Link Topology Exponential Number of Connections is Gaussian Vulnerable to Accident Scale-Free Power Laws Vulnerable to Attack Our World? Caveats (& Backhoes!)

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