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Scientific Justice

Scientific Justice. I. Big Questions A. What causes crime? B. Do we have free will? II. The New Criminology A. Positivism B. Sociology C. Psychology D. Heredity III. Pseudoscientific Origins A. Phrenology B. Social Darwinism C. Race IV. Reforming Criminal Justice

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Scientific Justice

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  1. Scientific Justice I. Big Questions A. What causes crime? B. Do we have free will? II. The New Criminology A. Positivism B. Sociology C. Psychology D. Heredity III. Pseudoscientific Origins A. Phrenology B. Social Darwinism C. Race IV. Reforming Criminal Justice A. Policing B. Administration C. Investigation D. Punishment

  2. Big Questions • What causes crime? • Do we have free will? Expulsion from the Garden of Eden Masaccio 1427

  3. The New Criminology • Positivism • Auguste Comte (1798-1857) • Scientific knowledge is the only real knowledge • Truth can only be determined by positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method.

  4. The Beauty Myth • Cesare Lombroso • Criminal Man (1876) • Ideal types • Brows • Earlobes

  5. Other branches • Sociology • Psychology • Heredity

  6. Troubling origins • Phrenology • Social Darwinism • Race

  7. Detection • Ballistics • Fingerprints • Bertillon system

  8. Police Efficiency • Technology • Professionalism Bridgeport (CT) Police, 1913

  9. Administration • Probation • Parole • Special Courts Juvenile Court, St. Louis, 1910

  10. Research • JCLC, founded 1910 • Distinct branch of social science • Crime surveys • Cleveland (1922) • Illinois (1929) • Uniform Crime Reports (1930)

  11. Punishment • Death Penalty Electric chair, Sing Sing (before 1930)

  12. Sterilization • Between 1907 and 1921,US hospitals performed 3,233 forced eugenic sterilizations

  13. Buck v. Bell • 17 year-old girl • Mother institutionalized • Illegitimate daughter Carrie Buck

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