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SHAKESPEARE: AN INTRODUCTION

SHAKESPEARE: AN INTRODUCTION. WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF THE GREATEST PLAYWRIGHT. A NOVICE MAKING AN ATTEMPT AT PPP. RENAISSANCE. What is Renaissance ?.

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SHAKESPEARE: AN INTRODUCTION

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  1. SHAKESPEARE: AN INTRODUCTION WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF THE GREATEST PLAYWRIGHT A NOVICE MAKING AN ATTEMPT AT PPP

  2. RENAISSANCE • Whatis Renaissance ? The Renaissance meaning ‘re-birth’ or ‘re-born’ was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. Traditionally this intellectual movement is viewed as a bridge between Middle Ages and the Modern Ages. Although Renaissance saw revolution in many pursuits, it is better known for its artistic developments and the contribution of genius like Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo.

  3. Renaissance In England • In England, the Elizabethan Era marked the beginning of the English Renaissance with the works of writers like William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, John Milton etc.

  4. William Shakespeare: An Eventful Life • Born in 1564, he was a son of a Stratford-On-Avon Tradesman • Got educated at Stratford Grammar School • He knew little Greek and no Latin • At the age of 18 got married to Anne Hathway, a woman of 26 • By 1592 he had made name in London theatre world • Founded Globe Theatre in London in1599

  5. Globe Theatre Reconstructed In 1997

  6. Queen Elizabeth’s England & World of Theatre • Twenty years before Shakespeare’s first plays were acted, a new drama had suddenly grown up, with a new school of playwrights of whom Marlowe was the chief, and companies of highly-trained actors, taking their profession with a high seriousness. • (G.M.Trevelyan in English Social History )

  7. Some more details • Both for reputation and profit the theatres were built in the meadows on the Southwark bank of Thames, to play before the motley and critical audience of the capital; while citizens with their wives, and apprentices with their sweethearts, walked over London bridge to see the play, men of rank and fashion came over by boat from Whitehall………

  8. And some more • The performances were given in the day-time; there was neither curtain nor footlights. The front of the stage was in the open air. The most privileged of the audience sat on ‘stools’ almost among the actors. The ‘groundlings’ stood below exposed to sun and rain. Here gathered together several classes of society, differing in tastes and education.

  9. GENRES OF LITERATURE • Poetry • Prose • Fiction • Drama

  10. Constituents Of Drama • Plot ( Story ) • Character • Language ( Dialogue ) • Music • Spectacle

  11. Character is destiny in Shakespeare’s plays • What is Character ? • Or • What makes a persona of any human being ?

  12. Instincts / Passions / Intellect • Hunger, thirst, love, anger • Hatred, revenge, jealousy, ambition, compassion, altruism, suspicion, sacrifice • Intelligence, reasoning, rationality, analysis

  13. Shakespeare’s Dramatic Output • Comedies- Comedy Of Errors, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, etc. • Histories- Henry 6th , Richard 2nd, etc. • Tragedies- Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth, Othello, etc. • Problem Plays- Troilus and Cressida, Measure For Measure, All Well That Ends Well, etc. • Romances- The Winter’s Tale, Tempest, etc. • Roman Plays-Julius Caesar, Antony & Cleopatra, etc.

  14. Dr. Johnson’s Remark • The work of a correct and regular writer is a garden accurately formed and diligently planted…., the composition of Shakespeare is a forest, in which oaks extend their branches, and pines tower in the air,……; filling the eye with awful pomp, and gratifying the mind with endless diversity.

  15. One More Remark • Other poets display cabinets of precious rarities, minutely finished, wrought into shape, and polished unto brightness. Shakespeare opens a mine which contains gold and diamond in inexhaustible plenty…….

  16. Negative Capability • John Keats remarked in a letter- ‘…several things dovetailed in my mind, and at once it struck me what quality went to form a Man of Achievement, especially in Literature, and which Shakespeare possessed so enormously- I mean ‘Negative Capability’, that is, when man is capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason……..

  17. A Practical Aspect • Harry Blamires says- “Shakespeare’s attachment to a particular company in which he had a financial interest supplied him with the kind of opportunity and motive which stimulates a writer. The Shakespearian phenomenon is not a matter of individual genius. Commercial and technical conditions were congenial.”

  18. THANKS • Aapne mujhe itani der jhela iske liye aapka bahut- bahut dhnyavaad.

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