VA/US SOL Review of Unit 1: SOLs 2- 3

1. VA/US SOL Review of Unit 1:SOLs 2- 3 Exploration & Colonization

2. European Exploration & Colonization • Resulted in a redistribution of the world population (voluntarily & involuntarily)

3. Exploration & Colonization… • Initiated worldwide commercial expansion due to Columbian Exchange of agricultural products. • Colonization also led to new ideas about representative government & religious tolerance.

4. Columbian Exchange

5. America • Already populated by Native Americans (Indians) • Seen as “Savages” by Europeans

6. Exploration & Colonization • Exploration & settlement of the English in America & the Spanish in the Caribbean, Central & South America, often led to violent conflicts with the Indians. • Yet, French exploration in Canada didn’t. • Why not? • Indians lost traditional territories & died from diseases.

7. Different Colonies New England Southern Colonies Maintained stronger ties w/ England, but had representative colonial legislatures Middle Colonies • Use of town meetings (like Athens) as a form of direct democracy Incorporated a number of democratic principles that were similar to Englishmen

8. Slavery/ Indentured Servitude • The first Africans were brought against their will in 1619. • The African slave trade resulted from labor shortages. • Slaves were brought over on the Middle Passage • Some indentured servants had worked before slaves. Not many more came after slavery became prominent. • Slavery eventually led to the Civil War.

9. 13 Original Colonies • New England • Middle Colonies • Southern Colonies

10. New England Colonies • Mainly settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom • Also settled by Pilgrims • Sought economic opportunities • Direct-democracy (town meetings) • Covenant Community • God-like • Mayflower Compact & Puritan religious beliefs • Intolerant of Non-Puritans

11. New England Colonies… • Economy • Shipbuilding, Fishing, Lumbering, Subsistence farming & (eventually) manufacturing • Valued hard work & thrift • Society • Family centered • Religious Standing • Intolerant of dissenters

12. New England Colonies… • Society… • Intolerant • Rhode Island: Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Politics • Church leaders • Mix Church & State • Male-dominated • Town Meetings

13. Middle Colonies • Settled mainly by English, Dutch & German-speaking immigrants • NY used to be New Netherlands • Wanted religious freedom & economic opportunity • Most diverse population

14. Middle Colonies… • Economy • Shipbuilding, Small-scale farming & Trading • Skilled artisans • NYC & Philly became commercial centers • Society • Home to multiple religious groups who believed in religious tolerance • Quakers (PA), Huguenots & Jews (NY), Catholics (MD), Presbyterians (NJ) • Flexible social structures • Middle-class of artisans, entrepreneurs & farmers

15. Middle Colonies… • Political • Incorporated a number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen • Did not mix Church & State/ Tolerant of other religions

16. Southern Colonies • Mainly settled by the English Cavaliers & poorer English & Scots-Irish • Cavaliers = English nobility who received large land grants in eastern VA from the King • Indentured Servants, Debtors, Prisoners • African slaves • Wanted economic opportunities • Jamestown was a business venture established by the VA Company of London

17. Jamestown • 1st Permanent English Settlement, established by the VA Company of London in 1607 • In the middle of Powhatan Nation • 1st settlers were mainly Gentlemen • “Don’t Work = Don’t Eat!” was John Smith’s rule • Headright System • “Starving Time” due to weather • John Rolfe planted tobacco & married Pocahontas

18. Southern Colonies… • Economy • Large plantations in the coastal lowlands grew “cash crops:” Indigo, Rice, Tobacco • Western foothills & mountains they had small-scale subsistence farming, hunting & trading • Society • Based on family status & ownership of land • Large landowners dominated colonial government • Closer ties to England & the Church of England than other colonies • Western VA had a lot of Scots-Irish & English men

19. Southern Colonies… • Political • Maintained stronger ties with Britain • Large landowners dominated colonial legislatures • VA House of Burgesses • 1st Elected Legislature in the New World • Representative Democracy • Today it’s known as the VA General Assembly

20. Indentured Servitude & Slavery • Indentured Servant = Someone who works for 4-7 years in exchange for passage over to the New World. • Headright system = promise of land • Growth of southern plantation-economy required cheap labor in large numbers. Originally met by indentured servants.

21. Indentured Servitude & Slavery… • Most tobacco plantation needs eventually were filled by importation of Africans. • Some were indentured servants & free • Middle Passage • Slave Codes = laws that limited what slaves could do • Development of slavery-based economy eventually led to Civil War.

22. Question Time!!! Show me what you know

23. Establishment of Early American Colonies Roanoke Massachusetts 1587 1620/--------/--------/-----------/1565 1607 St. Augustine Jamestown • Which date on this timeline represents the beginning of a permanent British presence in North America? • 1565 • 1587 • 1607 • 1620

24. 2. Which colony was established as a business venture? A. Connecticut B. Massachusetts C. Georgia D. Virginia

25. 3. The initial French exploration of North America resulted in --- A. economic colonies in Florida B. competition with Spanish settlers C. plantations using slave labor D. cooperation with native groups

26. 4. The Treaty of Alliance of 1778 was signed by the United States and ---- A. Spain B. Portugal C. Russia D. France

27. 5. Which factor contributed to colonial victory in the American Revolution? A. Shortages of British troops B. Disloyalty of British generals C. Lack of British popular support D. Weakness of the British Navy

28. 6. The land area located between 800W & 900W and 250N & 300N represents the acquisition of --- • Land won through the French & Indian War • Territories according to the Northwest Ordinance • Land as a result of the Revolutionary War • Florida through a treaty with Spain

29. 7. The town meetings held by colonists in buildings such as this one were important because they demonstrated a form of --- • Religious toleration • Direct democracy • Multicultural integration • Representative government Old South Meeting House, Boston

30. 8. The different types of economies found in the original colonies were primarily a reflection of the --- • Nationalities of the settlers • Geography of the areas • Provisions of the charters • Religion of the settlers

31. 9. How did the Great Awakening most influence the American Revolutionary movement? • It supported the practice of slave labor • It established official state religions • It challenged the established government order • It discouraged trade with foreign countries