Warm-up #7.2 (11.2)

1. Warm-up #7.2 (11.2) • Early Russia linked Northern Europe with what empire? • Domination by what group of people led to Russia’s isolation in the 1200s? What did they refer to Russia as? • What characteristics did early Russia adopt from the Byzantine Empire? • What happened to Moscow while under Mongol control? • Byzantine • Mongols; Khanate of the Golden Horde • Architecture, religion, and language • It grew in wealth and power

2. Chapter 12 The Mongols

3. The Mongol Conquests

4. The Asian Steppe • Vastarea of drygrassland • Two purposes • Trade route • Home to nomadicpeople • The steppe was extremely harsh • -59*F to 96*F

5. Nomadic Lifestyle • Survived as pastoralists– animalherders • Always on the move (predictablelike bird migrations) • Frequently had to fightfor control of a grassland or water source • Practically lived on the horses • Lived in clans– familygroup • Teameduponly to attack an enemy

6. Genghis Khan • Around 1200,Temujinsought to unifythe Mongols • Became Genghis Khan (universal ruler) • Greatly expanded Mongol power • China • CentralAsia (“stan” countries) • Reasons for success • Organization • Strategist – by fighting on horseback, they were highly mobile and more skilled • Cruelty

7. Life after Genghis • Successors continued to expand • 50 years after Genghis’ death (1227), the Mongols controlled from China to Poland (largest empire in history) • Divided the empire into 4regions (khanates) • Great Khan (Eastern Asia) • Khanate of Chagatai (Central Asia) • Ilkhanate (Persia) • Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia)

8. Mongol Rule • The future of a region depended on the version of Mongol invasion • Harsh– destroyed landand demolishedpopulations to the point where the area would never recover • Tolerant– Mongols would often embracethe cultures that they had dominated

9. Pax Mongolica • Mid 1200s-1300s, Mongols established stabilityand peaceacross their empire (PaxMongolica) • Guaranteed safe travels • Ideasand inventionswill spread quickly

10. And now… • Complete the Worksheet (12.2 – page 330) : Mongol Conquests • Begin working on Chapter 18 Crossword • Quiz will be on Friday and include Chapter 12

11. Section 3 – The Mongol Empire

12. Kublai Khan • Took power in 1260 • Grandson of Genghis Khan • Technically controlled the entire empire, realistically only East Asia • Focuses on taking over the rest of China • Successful in 1279. Firsttime in Chinese history that they are controlled by “foreigners”

13. The New Dynasty • Kublai founded the YuanDynasty that is short but has a huge impact • UnitedChina • Opened China to foreigncontact • Did not change Chinese culture • Abandonedthe nomadiclifestyle and settled into one place • Shifted the capital to China

14. Japanese Conquest… or not • Kublai sought to conquer Japan after united China • Sent huge fleetsat a cost to the Koreans • After 53days of fighting, the Japanese were saved when a typhoondestroyed the entire Mongol fleet (largest ever until WWII) • Became known as the kamikaze(“divine wind”)

15. Mongols and the Chinese • Culturally, the two were very different • Led to living segregatedlives (different laws, neighborhoods) • Mongols would not put Chinese into topgovernment posts because they feared localloyalties Chinese Mongol

16. Interactions with foreign cultures • Foreign trade increases under Kublai (Pax Mongolica) • Desire for Chinese products + Kublai welcomingforeign merchants into China • Most famous European to visit China: Marco Polo (1275) • Used by Kublai as an ambassador(17 years) • Described the “greatest civilization in the world” to Europeans

17. End of Mongol Rule • Weaknessesbecame more and more expensive • Raised taxes on the Chinese • Kublai’sdeath (1294) started a battle over who would control the empire • Chinese will rebel and establish self-rule in 1368 • In roughly 100 years, the Mongol Empire has disintegrated BECOMES

18. MONGOL VIDEO