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FRENCH & INDIAN WAR

FRENCH & INDIAN WAR. COMPETING FOR AN EMPIRE. WHO WAS THE BIGGEST THREAT TO BRITAIN’S EMPIRE?. WHO HAD A BETTER CLAIM TO THE REGION?. WHAT CAUSED THIS RIVALRY?. FUR TRADE. OHIO COMPANY WAS SELLING LAND. MARQUIS DUQUESNE. NATIVE AMERICAN ALLIANCES. IROQUOIS. ALGONQUIN. OPENING SHOTS.

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FRENCH & INDIAN WAR

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  1. FRENCH & INDIAN WAR

  2. COMPETING FOR AN EMPIRE WHO WAS THE BIGGEST THREAT TO BRITAIN’S EMPIRE? WHO HAD A BETTER CLAIM TO THE REGION?

  3. WHAT CAUSED THIS RIVALRY? • FUR TRADE • OHIO COMPANY WAS SELLING LAND

  4. MARQUIS DUQUESNE

  5. NATIVE AMERICAN ALLIANCES IROQUOIS

  6. ALGONQUIN

  7. OPENING SHOTS • 1753-Gov. Robert Dinwiddie sends George Washington • 1754-Virginia Legislature gives money to build fort at confluence of Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers • English driven off and French complete fort-call it Fort Duquesne

  8. WASHINGTON ATTACKS FRENCH SCOUTING PARTY FORT NECESSITY-WHAT DOES THIS PHOTO SHOW YOU ABOUT THE LOCATION? THE ONLY TIME WASHINGTON SURRENDERED IN HIS CAREER

  9. ALBANY PLAN OF UNION • BEN FRANKLIN • PRESIDENT-GENERAL • ELECTED ASSEMBLY • FAILED BECAUSE COLONIAL ASSEMBLIES DID NOT WANT TO GIVE UP POWER FIRST TIME COLONIES SHOW COOPERATION

  10. ADVANTAGES FRANCE ENGLAND * SINGLE GOVERNMENT * LARGER POPULATION • MORE INDIAN ALLIES * SMALLER LAND AREA TO DEFEND * MORE SOLDIERS * STRONG NAVY * FIGHTING TACTICS * REASON TO FIGHT

  11. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS • JULY 9, 1755 • GENERAL EDWARD BRADDOCK • NICKNAMED BULLDOG • 1900 MEN • 977 MEN KILLED OR WOUNDED

  12. WHY DID THE BRITISH LOSE? • 30 CANNON • MARCHING CONTINENTAL STYLE • FRENCH FIGHTING TACTICS

  13. FORT OSWEGO • AUG. 14, 1756 • THREATENED FORT NIAGARA • 700 SURVIVORS • MASSACRED

  14. FORT WILLIAM HENRY • AUG. 2-9, 1757 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-a8YogdB1Qk

  15. TIDE OF WAR TURNS • SENT BEST GENERALS • PAID HIGH PRICES FOR COLONIAL GOODS WILLIAM PITT

  16. LOUISBOURG JUNE 1, 1758

  17. FORCES • BRITISH—39 WARSHIPS, HALF SHIPS-OF-THE-LINE • 23,000 MEN, REDCOATS AND HIGHLANDERS • COMMANDER—JEFFREY AMHERST • FRENCH—10 WARSHIPS 800 CANNON • 7,600 MEN

  18. SEIGE OF LOUISBOURG • FOG DELAYS ATTACK • JUNE 8TH WOLFE LANDS FORCES • JUNE 12TH WOLFE ENCIRCLES FORT • JULY 25TH-FRENCH SHIPS DESTROYED • SECRET WEAPON • JULY 26TH-LOUISBOURG FALLS

  19. FALL OF FORT FRONTENAC • CHIEF SUPPLY BASE ON GREAT LAKES AND OHIO RIVER • LT. COL. JOHN BRADSTREET & 3,000 MEN • FORT WAS UNDERMANNED • CAPTURED 76 CANNON, 10,000 BARRELS OF FOOD, FURS AND 9 WARSHIPS (KEPT 2) • OPENED THE WAY TO ATTACK MONTREAL

  20. FALL OF FORT DUQUESNE • GEN. JOHN FORBES • 6,500 MEN • BUILT NEW ROAD-SLOW • MAJOR JAMES GRANT WENT AHEAD TO ACCESS FRENCH STRENGTH • NOV. 24-FRENCH LEAVE FORT AND BURN IT • NOV. 25-BRITISH MOVE IN • FIND HIGHLANDER’S HEADS ON STAKES • REBUILD FORT AND NAME IT FORT PITT

  21. FALL OF FORT NIAGARA • JULY 25TH, 1759 • SECURED THE OHIO VALLEY

  22. FALL OF QUEBEC • JUNE 26, 1759 • GEN. JAMES WOLFE • 49 SHIPS-OF-LINE • 200 SUPPORT SHIPS • 16,000 TROOPS • SET UP ARTILLARY 1 MILE BELOW THE FORT • BOMBARDMENT

  23. DEFENSE OF QUEBEC • QUEBEC SAT ON TOP OF A 200 FOOT CLIFF WITH THE RIVER BELOW • MONTCALM COULD WAIT OUT WOLFE

  24. THE SEIGE • BOTH SIDES ROAMED THE WOODS KILLING, SCALPING, AND MUTILATING ONE ANOTHER • WOLFE BEGAN DESTROYING FARMS AND VILLAGES TO DRAW MONTCALM OUT • JULY 30TH—WOLFE ORDERS AN ATTACK BELOW QUEBEC TO DRAW MONTCALM OUT • FAILS—443 KILLED, WOUNDED OR MISSING

  25. PLAINS OF ABRAHAM • IN AUGUST SPOTTED SEVERAL WOMEN WASHING CLOTHS ON THE ROCKS BELOW QUEBEC • USED AN OVERGROWN PATH TO REACH THE PLAINS OF ABRAHAM OUTSIDE QUEBEC

  26. SCALING THE CLIFFS • SEPT. 13, 1759 • CLIMBED ALL NIGHT AND IN THE MORNING WAS POSITIONED ON THE PLAINS OF ABRAHAM

  27. THE BATTLE • FRENCH MOVE FIRST MARCHING IN 3 LINES WITH SHARPSHOOTERS ON THE FLANKS • AS A SOLDIER FALLS ANOTHER TAKES HIS PLACE • WOLFE IS HIT BY A MUSKETBALL SHATTERING HIS WRIST • HE IS WOUNDED A SECOND TIME WHEN A SHELL FRAGMENT RIPS THROUGH HIS STOMACH

  28. TIDE OF BATTLE TURNS • AT 40 YARDS THE BRITISH OPEN FIRE WITH DOUBLE BALLS • BRITISH FIX BAYONETS AND CHARGE • FRENCH RETREAT AND FRENCH CANADIANS AND INDIANS ARE MASSACRED

  29. WOLFE DIES WHEN A MUSKET BALL RIPS THROUGH HIS STOMACH PUNCTURING BOTH LUNGS MONTCALM IS HIT IN THE STOMACH BY A MUSKET BALL AND DIES AT MIDNIGHT DEATH OF THE GENERALS

  30. RESULTS • THE BATTLE ONLY LASTED A LITTLE OVER AN HOUR • THE FRENCH SURRENDERED ON SEPT 18, 1759 • BOTH SIDES HAD ABOUT THE SAME CASUALTIES—OVER 600 • ON SEPT. 8, 1760 JEFFREY AMHERST CAPTURES MONTREAL ENDING THE WAR

  31. TREATY OF PARIS • SIGNED ON FEB. 10, 1763 • BRITAIN GAINS ALL OF CANADA • BRITAIN GAINS LAND BETWEEN THE APPALACHIAN MTS. AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER • BRITAIN GAINED FLORIDA FROM SPAIN • SPAIN GETS NEW ORLEANS AND LOUISIANA FROM FRANCE

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