Unit 1 Review

1. World History AP Unit 1 Review

2. Themes in Unit 1 • Impact of Geography & Environmental Interaction • Global Power & International relations • Political Developments • Economic and Environmental Developments • Cultural Developments • Gender Issues • Technological Advances

3. Key Questions • In what ways did geography and climate affect the development of human society? • What were the economic and social results of the agricultural revolution? • What are the issues involved in using “civilization” as an organizing principle in world history? • What is the most common source of change: connection/diffusion or independent invention? • How do agricultural, pastoral and foraging societies differ? Use evidence from Africa, the Americas and Southeast Asia. • What was the impact of agriculture on the environment? • What was the importance of the introduction of bronze and iron? • Compare the basic features of two early civilizations? Choose two of the following: Mesopotamia, Mesoamerica, Shang, Indus • Compare the development of political structures in China with those in India. • How did social and gender structures in India differ from the Mediterranean? • Which regions were favored as areas of human settlement, given the technology available during the Classic period? • Describe the major classical period trading patters within and among China, India, and the Mediterranean? • What were the scientific and technological contributions of China, India, and the Mediterranean? • What were the artistic contributions of China, India, and the Mediterranean? • What were the basic features of the major world belief systems? • Polytheism • Hinduism • Daoism • Judaism • Christianity • Buddhism • What were the main emphases and the main changes in organized religion during the Classic period? • What interactions among regions favored changes in human society? • What changes in population and culture were brought about by migrations? • What were the Greek approaches to science and philosophy? Explain the role of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. • What led to the diffusion of the major religions? • Why was the collapse of empire more severe in western Europe than it was in the eastern Mediterranean or in China?

4. Before Agriculture • Describe the life of people in the Paleolithic Stone Age. • Compare/Contrast role of men and women.

5. Neolithic Agricultural Revolution • What changes resulted from the development of agriculture? • What effects did the agricultural revolutions have on Neolithic societies? • How did the ability to make simple tools change human life? • Compare/Contrast role of men and women

6. Mesopotamia • What civilizations developed in Mesopotamia? • What role did geography play in the development of Mesopotamian civilization? • Why were the Sumerian city-states considered to be theocracy? • How did the Code of Hammurabi affect Babylonian society? • What role did the physical environment play in the way Mesopotamians viewed the world? • How did ancient Mesopotamian technological advances affected our lives today?

7. Egypt • How did flooding patterns of rivers in Egypt and Mesopotamia caused the two civilizations to develop differently? • How did the geography of Egypt impact their civilization? • What were the major differences among the Three Kingdoms in Egypt?

8. Indus River Valley • What were the major cities of this civilization? • How did geography impact their civilization? • What are the political and economical structures of this civilization? • Describe the role of the family, and men and women.

9. Shang/Zhou • What isolated the Chinese people from peoples in other parts of the world? • How does geography affect Chinese civilization? • Describe the political and economical structure of Shang dynasty? • What was the different in political structure between the Shang/Zhou? • What was their religious

10. Assyrian AKA ASSES • What was the form of government in Assyria? • Why were the Assyrians so successful at conquering others? • How did religion (religious beliefs) play a role in government/politics?

11. Smaller Civilizations • Hittites • Indo European (C. Asia), Nomads • 2000 BC Migrated to Europe, India, W. Asia • First Indo-Euro’s to use iron • Threatened Egypt • 1200 BC Invaded by “Sea Peoples” Phoenicians • Chaldeans • Responsible for the fall of the Assyrian Empire • Their empire/kingdom was short lived • Conquered by Persians

12. Phoenicians • What was the most significant invention of the Phoenicians? How did that impact their civilization? • What was the difference between Phoenicians economical system than most of the other civilizations of the time? • Why did they develop colonies? What was one of their most important colonies?

13. Hebrews • Which aspect of the Hebrew culture had the greatest impact on Western civilization? • Why is the location of Israel important? • What was the belief system of the Hebrew? • How did the Assyrians affect the lives of Israelites? • What were the political structure of their leaders? • Who did they begin trading with? • Who did they fall to in 587 BCE?

14. Greece • How did geography affect their civilization? • Compare/Contrast Minoans & Mycenaeans • What was the importance of a city-state? • How did Athens & Sparta differ? • Describe the political structures? • What was the basis of their economy? • How did colonization help Greek society? • What were the Persians Wars? • What was the Peloponnesian War? Effects? • How did Pericles affect Athens? • Describe Greek religion? Connection with Greek life? • What brought an end to the freedom of Greek city-states? • What were the achievements of Alexander THE GREAT? • Describe the Hellenistic Era? Achievements?

15. Persia • Describe the organization of the Persian government. • What are the accomplishments of their leaders: Cyrus, Cambyses, Darius? • Who are the immortals? • What was developed to improve the communication system of their empire? • Describe their form of economy? • What was the family structure/relationship like? • What was caused the Persian Empire to decline after the death of Darius? • Why are the Persians considered to have made a religious contribution? • How were the Assyrians and Persian systems of government different?

16. Rome • How did the geography of Rome affect their civilization? • What types of governments did Rome have? • Describe the social class system in Rome? • What were the Punic Wars? Results? Effects? • How did the Republic decline? • How did Augustus affect Rome? What did he do? • What is the Pax Romana? • Describe their economic system? • Why did the Roman Empire decline and fall?

17. Qin/Han • What were the different political structures in China? • How did the Qin dynasty influence the Han? • How did the their Han Dynasty change their political ideologies? • What are some of their achievements? • What are some of the reasons these dynasties decline?

18. India • Who were the Aryans? • Describe the social class system in India? • What religions were “born” in India? • Describe the role of the family, especially women. • How does Karma and Dharma relate to Hinduism? • How does Buddhism differ than Hinduism? • Why was Asoka considered a great ruler? • What characteristics made the Gupta Empire so great?

19. Silk Road & Trade Routes • What was the purpose of these routes? • Silk • Indian Ocean? • Saharan • What was traded? • How did culture and religion play a role in the “exchange”? • What religions were diffused?

20. Major Belief Systems in Unit 1 • Polytheism • Judaism • Hinduism • Christianity • Buddhism • Daoism • Confucianism • Legalism • Zoroastrianism • Janism