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Nixon and Ford

Nixon and Ford. Bellwork.

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Nixon and Ford

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  1. Nixon and Ford

  2. Bellwork • The 1960s was an era of turbulent change. Violence erupted in both the north and the south from the Civil Rights movement. Protests engulfed campuses all over America. Leaders were assassinated, and many Americans began to wonder if the country was on the right path. What are the defining characteristics of the type of leader you believe the U.S. needs in a time of crisis?

  3. Nixon and Ford • Election of 1968 • Nixon • Foreign Policy and Détente • Domestic Policy • Election of 1972 • Oil Embargo • Watergate • Ford

  4. Election of 1968

  5. Democratic Party

  6. Martin Luther King Jr. Assassinated

  7. Race Riots

  8. Race Riots

  9. Democratic National Convention

  10. Republican Party

  11. America Independent Party • George C. Wallace • Dixiecrat • Reestablish Jim Crow South • Nuclear war on Vietnam

  12. Results • Nixon won: • 31.8 million • 301 electoral votes • Wallace’s Results • Won 10 million popular votes • Largest third-party vote in American history

  13. Nixon and Ford • Election of 1968 • Nixon • Foreign Policy and Détente • Domestic Policy • Election of 1972 • Oil Embargo • Watergate • Ford

  14. Foreign Policy • Henry Kissinger • Secretary of State

  15. Détente • Easing of Tensions

  16. Nixon’s Détente With BeijingPing-Pong Diplomacy • March 1971 - Lifts restrictions on travel to China • June 1971 – Ended 21-year embargo on trade with China • February 1972 – Nixon visits China

  17. Nixon’s Détente With Beijing and Moscow • Nixon traveled to the Soviet Union in May 1972

  18. Nixon’s Détente With Beijing and Moscow • The Deal • Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty I (SALT I) –

  19. Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty I (SALT I) • Five-year agreement that held the number of ICBMs at 1972 levels • Step forward in limiting nuclear arms,

  20. Both started developing MIRVs

  21. Nixon and Ford • Election of 1968 • Nixon • Foreign Policy and Détente • Domestic Policy • Election of 1972 • Oil Embargo • Watergate • Ford

  22. Welfare Programs • Expanded welfare programs: • Food Stamps • Aid to families with Dependent Children (AFDC)

  23. Environmental Actions (1970) • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1970

  24. Environmental Actions (1970) • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1970 • Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) 1970

  25. Environmental Actions (1970) • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1970 • Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) 1970 • Clean Air Act of 1970

  26. Environmental Actions (1970) • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1970 • Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) 1970 • Clean Air Act of 1970 • Endangered Species Act of 1973

  27. Inflation • Removed U.S. off the gold standard

  28. Nixon and Ford • Election of 1968 • Nixon • Foreign Policy and Détente • Domestic Policy • Election of 1972 • Oil Embargo • Watergate • Ford

  29. Election of 1972

  30. Election of 1972 • Southern Strategy • To achieve a solid majority in 1972, he: • Appointed conservative Supreme Court justices • Softly applied civil rights • Opposed school busing to achieve racial balance

  31. Election of 1972 • Results of the Election of 1972 • Nixon won: • 47.2 million-29.2 million • 520-17

  32. Nixon and Ford • Election of 1968 • Nixon • Foreign Policy and Détente • Domestic Policy • Election of 1972 • Oil Embargo • Watergate • Ford

  33. The Arab Oil Embargo and the Energy Crisis • Attack In the Middle East • October 1973 • Syrians and Egyptians surprise attacked Israel • U.S. supported Israel

  34. Oil Embargo • late October 1973, • OPEC led by Arab nations put an oil embargo on the U.S.

  35. Check Up! • Nixon believed that he was going to be remembered as one of the greatest presidents of the 20th Century, and had recording devices installed in the White House so that historians could later examine the actions he took as president. • Briefly create a list of Nixon’s accomplishments. • Then create a list of the accomplishments of Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and LBJ. • Based on your list evaluate Nixon’s presidency.

  36. Nixon and Ford • Election of 1968 • Nixon • Foreign Policy and Détente • Domestic Policy • Election of 1972 • Oil Embargo • Watergate • Ford

  37. Pentagon Papers • 1971:Daniel Ellsberg – • a former Defense Department official • Pentagon Papers to the New York Times

  38. Plumbers • Response • Plumbers – Special White House unit created to stop government leaks. • Goal: gather intelligence/political information

  39. The Watergate Break-In • Watergate Washington, D.C.   • Wiretapped the phones at the DNC headquarters

  40. The Watergate Break-In • Nixon authorized CIA to stop investigation on the grounds that the matter involved “national security”

  41. Watergate Scandal • January 1973 – • Watergate burglar Trial • Results: All either pleaded guilty or were found guilty • Nixon approved “hush money” to at least one of the defendants

  42. Watergate Scandal • May 1973 – • John Dean (former White House lawyer) revealed recording system in White House

  43. Watergate Scandal • October 1973 – • VP Spiro Agnew accused of taking bribes • Agnew resigned • Gerald Ford became VP

  44. Watergate Scandal • January 1974 – • Congress ordered Nixon to turn over the tapes.   • Nixon refused, citing the executive privilege – the power of the president to withhold information secret that is vital to the nation’s security

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