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POWERING THE WATER INDUSTRY

POWERING THE WATER INDUSTRY. Issues and Opportunities. Dr Jay Millington BEng (Hons) PhD. E-mail: jay.millington@uwe.ac.uk Phone: 0117 328 6564. Introduction. P. Traditional example Meldon Reservoir Issues Banding ROC vs FIT and energy recovery Water industry. Regional breakdown

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POWERING THE WATER INDUSTRY

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  1. POWERING THE WATER INDUSTRY Issues and Opportunities Dr Jay MillingtonBEng (Hons) PhD E-mail: jay.millington@uwe.ac.uk Phone: 0117 328 6564

  2. Introduction P • Traditional example • Meldon Reservoir • Issues • Banding • ROC vs FIT and energy recovery • Water industry • Regional breakdown • UK wide • Opportunities • Novel approaches • Sutton Poyntz • Esholt • Cotton Valley Photo by: Millington (2011)

  3. UK schemes B Growth? capacity number

  4. Benefits for water industry • Government strategy • Reduce greenhouse gases • Provide energy security • Investment in new technology • Green credentials ↑ Customer bills ↓ • Novel approaches • In addition to ‘win / win’ schemes • Don’t need environmental regulation P P

  5. South West Water – Meldon Reservoir 400kW Francis turbine on scour 30kW KSB centrifugal Pump-as-Turbine Photos by: Millington (2011)

  6. Wessex Water – Sutton Poyntz 15 m , 140 l/s  14 kW Image from: Ecowave 2011, photo by: Millington (2011)

  7. Yorkshire Water – Esholt 9 m , 2700 l/s  180 kW Photo by: Yorkshire Water (2011)

  8. Anglian Water – Cotton Valley 2.6 m , 870 l/s  15 kW Photo by: Millington (2011)

  9. Replace FITs banding? Under FiTs, who’s going to install 100-120kW, 500-599kW and 2-3.6MW schemes? (Not included: on-site electric use, operational costs, interest on loans…)

  10. Downsize for max profit? S 1 more scheme 96kW and £65k more A = 1,826 – (16 x 100) B = (16 x 100 x 19.6p – 1,826 x 15.5p) x 24 x 365 x 35.7% Calcs?

  11. Input electricity • ROCs • Esholt: 10% pre-pumped flow  netted off • FITs • 15kW scheme in Wales: drought pumps 200 hours in last 12 years  ineligible (& can’t opt for ROCs)

  12. Energy recovery ethics G £ £ £ £ £

  13. Other factors • Pump and system efficiency • Operation within OFWAT regulations • Identified opportunities  reality • Other renewable energy sources

  14. Conclusions • If a banding system must be used, FITs should be based on MWh generated to prevent downsizing • FITs should have an allowance for input electricity to ‘net-off’ pre-pumping as with ROCs • Energy recovery systems should be subsidised • Other factors need to be considered

  15. References Arup (2011) Review of the generation costs and deployment potential of renewable electricity technologies in the UK, Study Report – Department of Energy and Climate Change [online, accessed Jun 2012] BHA (2010) England and Wales hydropower resource final report (version 13). DECC and WAG [online, accessed Jun 2012] BHA (2011) List of installations. British Hydropower Association [online, accessed Sep 2011] Burgess, A. (2010) [aburgess@southwestwater.co.uk] Re: Micro hydro in the water industry, 18th August. Email to: Millington, J. [jay.millington@uwe.ac.uk] The UK Renewable Energy Strategy (Command 7686, 2009) [online, accessed Jun 2012] Costyn, J. (2011) Feed-in tariffs: current situation and comprehensive review. BHA Hydropower Conference, Cardiff 29 June 2011: British Hydropower Association [online, accessed Jun 2012] Crompton, C. (2010) The Feed-in Tariff – The consultation story and opportunities for the hydro industry. BHA Annual Conference, Glasgow 13-14 October 2010: British Hydropower Association [online, accessed Jun 2012] DECC (2011) List of generators. Department of Energy and Climate Change [online, accessed Sep 2011] Dent, M. (2010) Stoke Bardolph Energy Crop AD (Anaerobic Digestion) Plant. Severn Trent Water [online, accessed Jun 2012] Elliot, C. (2011) Small Hydro and the FIT. BHA Hydropower Conference, Cardiff 29 June 2011: British Hydropower Association [online, accessed Jun 2012] Entec (2010) Mapping Hydropower Opportunities and Sensitivities in England and Wales – Technical Report, Bristol: Environment Agency. [online, accessed Jun 2012] Great Britain (2009) Electricity, England and Wales. The Renewables Obligation Order. 2009 No.785. London: The Stationery Office [online, accessed Jun 2012] Harrison, G. P. (2004) Developing Renewable Energy within the Water Industry, IDS-Water [online, accessed May 2012] The EU’s target for renewable energy: 20% by 2020 HL Paper 175-I (2007-08) [online, accessed Jun 2012] Howe, A. (2009) Renewable energy potential for the water industry. Bristol: Environment Agency [online, accessed Jun 2012] Hughes, C. (2011) Water resources planning in Wales – potential applications for hydropower. BHA Hydropower Conference, Cardiff 29 June 2011: British Hydropower Association [online, accessed Jun 2012] Hughes, N. (2012) [Noel.Hughes@severntrent.co.uk] Re: Hydro at Elan Valley, 11th June. Email to: Millington, J. [jay.millington@uwe.ac.uk] Kirk, T. (1999) Small scale hydropower in the UK. Water and Environment Journal Volume 13 Issue 3, CIWEM: 207-212 Loening, A. (2010) An early FIT? BHA Annual Conference, Glasgow 13-14 October 2010: British Hydropower Association [online, accessed Jun 2012] Millington, J. D. (2013) Powering the Water Industry. In: Booth, C. and Charlesworth, S., eds. Water Resources in the Built Environment – Management Issues and Solutions. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (forthcoming) Nautiyal. H., Varun, P. R. and Kumar, A. (2010a) CFD analysis on pumps working as turbines. Hydro Nepal, Issue 6, Journal of Water Energy and Environment: 35-37 Nautiyal. H., Varun, P. R. and Kumar, A. (2010b) Reverse running pumps analytical, experimental and computational study: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Volume 14 Issue 7, Elsevier [online, accessed Jun 2012] REF (2011) List of generators. Renewable Energy Foundation [online, accessed Sep 2011] Singh, P. and Nestmann, F. (2010) An optimization routine on a prediction and selection model for the turbine operation of centrifugal pumps. Journal of Experimental Thermal Fluid Science, Volume 34, Issue 2: 152-164. Singh, P. and Nestmann, F. (2011) A Consolidated Model for the Turbine Operation of Centrifugal Pumps. Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Volume 133, Issue 6: Article Number 063002 Water UK (2009) Consultation of REF incentives. Water UK [online, accessed Jun 2012] Williams, A. A., Smith, N. P. A., Bird, C. and Howard, M. (1998) Pumps as turbines and induction motors as generators for energy recovery in water supply systems. Water and Environment Journal Volume 12 Issue 3, CIWEM: 175-178. Williams, A. A., (2010) Centrifugal Pumps as Turbines: a Review of Technology and Applications. In: Hidroenergia 2B.06 [online, accessed Jun 2012] Millington, J. D. (2013) Powering the Water Industry. In: Booth, C. and Charlesworth, S., eds. Water Resources in the Built Environment – Management Issues and Solutions. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (forthcoming)

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