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Where is The Power in Agricultural and Food Policy?

Where is The Power in Agricultural and Food Policy?. Agriculture’s iron triangle Government Other Organizations Other departments. Chapters 3 and 4 of Knutson, Penn, and Flinchbaugh. Agriculture’s Iron Triangle. Executive Branch. Cabinet. Vice President Heads of 15 Executive Departments

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Where is The Power in Agricultural and Food Policy?

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  1. Where is The Power in Agricultural and Food Policy? • Agriculture’s iron triangle • Government • Other Organizations • Other departments Chapters 3 and 4 of Knutson, Penn, and Flinchbaugh

  2. Agriculture’s Iron Triangle

  3. Executive Branch

  4. Cabinet • Vice President • Heads of 15 Executive Departments • Attorney General • Under G.W. Bush Also • EPA • OMB • National Drug Control Policy • USTR (Robert Zoellick)

  5. Executive Departments • Agriculture (USDA) • Commerce (DOC) • Defense (DOD) • Education • Energy (DOE) • Health & Human Services (HHS) • Homeland Security • Housing & Urban Development (HUD) • Interior (DOI) • Justice (DOJ) • Labor (DOL) • State (DOS) • Transportation (DOT) • Treasury • Veteran Affairs

  6. Secretary Deputy Farm & Foreign Ag Services Food Safety Marketing & Regulatory Programs FSIS FSA FAS RMA AMS APHIS GIPSA Natural Resources & Environment Rural Development Research, Education & Economics Food, Nutrition & Consumer Services FNS CNPP FS NRCS RBS OCD RHS RUS ARS CSREES ERS Structure of USDA NASS

  7. Legislative Branch • “All Legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.” Article I, Section 1 • Membership

  8. Functions of Congress • Authorization • Appropriation • Oversight

  9. How a Bill Becomes a Law Constituents Policy Proposals House and/or Senate Congress Executive/Departments Committee Subcommittee Hearings <> Mark-up Committee Debate <> Approval Floor Debate <> Amend <> Approval Conference Committee Hammer out differences between House & Senate Floor Approval in Both President Sign <> Veto <> Pocket Veto

  10. A Simplified Overview of Budget Authorization and Appropriations Process OMB and Exec. Agencies President's Budget (Late Jan.) Congress Budget Resol. (Apr. 15) Budget Floor Committees Recommendations (March 15) Authorizing Committees Authorizing Bills (May 15) Final Budget Through Conference Committee (Oct 1) Appropriations Adopted Budget Committees & Resolution Subcommittees Appropriations Bills Tax Committees

  11. Action is in Committees(House and Senate 109th Congress) • Overall Congressional Leadership • Senate Majority: Minority: • Speaker of the House: J. Dennis Hastert (R, IL) Majority: Minority: • Budget Committee (sets limits on spending) • Senate Majority: Minority: • House Majority: Minority:

  12. Action is in Committees (109th.) • Agriculture Committee (authorizes ag. and nutrition legislation) • Senate Majority: Minority: • House Majority: Minority: • Agriculture appropriations subcommittee (decides what/who gets money) • Senate Majority: Minority: • House Majority: Minority:

  13. Majority is really important

  14. Farm Organizations • General farm/agribusiness organizations • Commodity organizations • Every commodity has one, and some have multiple

  15. Commodity Organizations • Most effective organizations in agriculture because of focused commodity interests • Most effective are those that represent entire industry (NCC) • Beef has had conflicts among cattlemen and NCBA • If producer organization goes head-to-head with agribusiness, agribusiness normally wins (ex., packer in beef) • Almost always have related state organizations • Party alignment is an interesting issue

  16. Public Interest Groups Typically focus on only 1 issue • Environment – • Hunger lobby • Animal rights • Consumer lobby

  17. Agribusinesses/Trade Associations • Restaurant Associations • Equipment dealers • Chemical Applicators • International Dairy Foods Association

  18. Farm Equipment Assoc. • Midwest Equipment Dealers Association • Mississippi Valley Equipment Association (MVEA) • National Agri-Marketing Association • North American Equipment Dealers Association (NAEDA) • Ohio-Michigan Equipment Dealers Association • Ontario Retail Farm Equipment Dealers Association • Outdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI) • Pacific Northwest Association • Prairie Implement Manufacturers Association (PIMA) • Propane Education & Research Council • Saskatchewan Trade & Export Partnership (STEP) • Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) • South West Hardware & Implement Association (SWHIA) • Texas Agricultural Irrigation Association • Tractor & Machinery Association of Australia • UNAMOMA/COMAMOTER • Western Association • Ag Electronics Association (AEA) • Agricultural & Industrial Manufacturers Reps Association (AIMRA) • Agricultural Retailers Association • American Society of Agricultural Consultants (ASAC) • American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) • American Society of Farm Equipment Appraisers • Association of Equipment Manufacturers (AEM) • Canada West Equipment Dealers Association • Canadian Farm & Industrial Equipment Institute (CFIEI) • Canadian Farm Builders Association • Canadian Society for Engineering in Ag, Food & Biological Systems (CSAE) • Farm Equipment Manufacturers Association (FEMA) • Farm Equipment Wholesalers Association (FEWA) • Iowa-Nebraska Equipment Dealers Association • Irrigation Association • Italian Trade Commission • Lawn & Garden Marketing & Distribution Association

  19. Summary • General farm/Agribusiness interests generally broader than commodity policy • Trade • Tax policy • Often have related state organizations • Often aligned with political party • Agribusiness firms often have…

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