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Basic Acoustics

Basic Acoustics. Basic Acoustics. Sound – your ears’ response to vibrations in the air. Sound waves are three dimensional traveling in all directions. Think of dropping a pebble into a pool of water. Sound can be directional

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Basic Acoustics

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  1. Basic Acoustics

  2. Basic Acoustics • Sound – your ears’ response to vibrations in the air. • Sound waves are three dimensional traveling in all directions. Think of dropping a pebble into a pool of water. • Sound can be directional • Air molecules themselves don’t move very far, instead transferring energy to nearby molecules

  3. Sound Wave One Cycle Zero Crossings

  4. Wave Properties • Frequency • Cycles per second • Hertz (Hz) • Perceived as Pitch • Amplitude • Amount of air being displaced • Measured in decibels (dB) • Perceived as Volume

  5. Timbre Harmonic Series • Timbre is defined by the harmonic content • Overtones are present to some degree in all sound except sine waves • Lowest frequency is the fundamental • Each tone is called a harmonic or partial • Doubling a partial number results in a pitch one octave higher 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

  6. Fourier Theorem • Any periodic complex wave can be broken down into sine wave components • Basis of additive synthesis • Hammond Organ Sum of two sine wave http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourier

  7. Basic Waveforms Sine Wave – fundamental only Triangle Wave – odd partials amplitude = 1/n2 Sawtooth Wave – all partials Amplitude = 1/n Square Wave – odd partials Amplitude = 1/n

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