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Quantitative Fracture Analysis in Boreholes: Fracture Zoning & Seismic Attributes

Explore the characterization of fractures in subsurface formations with acoustic and electrical imaging logs, analyzing dipole sonic logs to quantify fracture occurrence and fracture porosity. Learn how to interpret fractures in boreholes through sine waves and ellipses to identify fracture types and conductivity. Discover the use of seismic attributes and 3D seismic data for fault tracing and fracture identification in diverse geological settings.

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Quantitative Fracture Analysis in Boreholes: Fracture Zoning & Seismic Attributes

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  1. Fracture Spacing in Miss. Madison Ls

  2. Log Characterization • Acoustic & electrical imaging logs and their interpretative workstations are becoming the subsurface standard for data acquisition, rapidly replacing core. • Dipole sonic logs are attempting to quantify fracture occurrence and fracture porosity.

  3. Planar features are expressed by ellipses on borehole walls which are expressed as sine waves Steepness of ellipses reflect the dip magnitude and orientation Apparent strike and dip relate to amplitudes and inflections in sine waves 0 N 90 E 180 S 270 W 360 N BOREHOLE Quantitative Fracture Analysis • For straight hole: • Dip magnitude is proportional to amplitude of sine wave • Dip azimuth is located at minimum of sine wave TD: 530 / 2700 W David Spain (1998)

  4. Faults on FMI Fracture Trace TD: 62/304 Normal fault Striking: N25E-S25W Down to WNW Courtesy of Steve Hansen, Schlumberger

  5. False-Color STAR Image Oil well in granite. RED : Acoustic amplitude GREEN Microtopography : BLUE Resistivity : Open fractures are black Green fracture is filled with somewhat hard, resistive, slightly erodible material. Courtesy A. Lacazette Depths in meters below arbitrary datum.

  6. Different fracture types are different colors in multivariate images. Courtesy A. Lacazette

  7. Spinner flowmeters Temperature logs Noise Logs Production Logging Techniques Lithology Flowrate Perfs FractureWidth Fracture Density and Porosity (Courtesy of Dave Spain)

  8. Fracture Zone Identification Seismic attributes • Single • Multiple

  9. Study Area with 3-d Seismic Coverage Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela

  10. Amplitude Map Top Socuy Lake Maravaibo, Venezuela Note Fault Traces

  11. 3-D Seismic data coherency :delineating faults and fractures(Courtesy of Robert Humphreys) Seismic coherency extracted along horizon TWT horizon Structure map

  12. Courtesy of S. Agar

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