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In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing

In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing. Victoria B. Valentine, P.E. Technical Director April 10, 2014. Learning Objectives. Recognize when in-rack sprinklers are needed Identify where in-rack sprinklers should be located Apply protection using in-rack sprinklers to different storage commodities

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In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing

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  1. In-Rack Sprinkler Spacing Victoria B. Valentine, P.E. Technical Director April 10, 2014 (c) 2014 International Fire Sprinkler Association, Patterson, NY

  2. Learning Objectives • Recognize when in-rack sprinklers are needed • Identify where in-rack sprinklers should be located • Apply protection using in-rack sprinklers to different storage commodities • Describe types of sprinklers that can be used at the ceiling levels with in-rack sprinklers

  3. Commodity Classification

  4. Class I Commodity Noncombustible products stored with minimal or no packaging.

  5. Class II Commodity Noncombustible products stored with some packaging.

  6. Class III Commodity Ordinary combustibles with limited amounts of plastics.

  7. Class IV Commodity Products with some plastic.

  8. Group A Plastic Plastic products and/or packaging.

  9. Mixed Commodities

  10. Types of Sprinklers Courtesy of Reliable Courtesy of Victaulic Courtesy of The Viking Corp.

  11. Intermediate Level Sprinklers

  12. Rack Structures – Single-Row Racks

  13. Rack Structures – Double-Row Racks

  14. Rack Structures – Multiple-Row Racks

  15. Longitudinal Flue

  16. Transverse Flue

  17. Aisle

  18. Encapsulated

  19. Banded

  20. When In-rack Sprinklers Are Needed • Based on commodity, height and rack structure arrangement • Including aisle widths • Ceiling sprinkler protection • Options are provided • Not every option requires in-rack sprinklers to be installed

  21. Example 1 • Class IV encapsulated commodity stored 22 feet (6.7 m) high • Building height is 30 feet (9.1 m) • Double-row racks are being used with 4-foot (1.2 m) aisles • Sprinkler system(s) will be wet

  22. Example 1 – Solution • Option 1: Using standard spray sprinklers for the ceiling system: • In-rack sprinklers are required • One level • Needing in-rack sprinklers would not vary with sprinkler temperature rating • Option 2: Using CMSA sprinklers for the ceiling system • No in-rack sprinklers required when K-16.8 or larger orifice is selected • For K-11.2 in-rack sprinkler are needed

  23. Sprinklers in the Racks • Can be K-5.6, K-8.0 or K-11.2 • Ordinary temperature • Standard response or quick response • Single system covers maximum of 40,000 ft2 (12,192 m2) (footprint including aisle area) • Water shields or listed intermediate level/rack storage sprinklers • Class I to IV: when there is more than one level • Group A: always

  24. Spacing In-rack Sprinklers • Depends on commodity, storage height and rack arrangements • Maximum horizontal distances range from 5 feet to 12 feet (1.5 m to 3.6 m)

  25. Spacing Limitations • Distance • Horizontal • Vertical • Area • Up to 25 feet (7.6 m) storage height • Class I to III maximum 100 ft2 (30.4 m2) • Class IV 80 ft2 (24.4 m2) • Group A – follow diagrams • Over 25 feet (7.6 m) storage height • Follow diagrams for all commodities

  26. Spacing In-rack Sprinklers • Installed at intersection of transverse and longitudinal flue spaces X X X X aisle aisle X Plan View Elevation View

  27. Fire Growth in Rack Structures

  28. Spacing In-rack Sprinklers (continued) • Protected from mechanical damage by rack uprights • Obstruction rules for ceiling sprinklers do not apply

  29. Spacing In-rack Sprinklers (continued) • Class I through IV: • Single- and double-row racks up to 20 feet (6.1 m) high do not consider the distance from the sprinkler deflector to top of storage • Multiple-row racks and single- and double-row racks over 20 feet (6.1 m)up to 25 feet (7.6 m) need 6 inches (150 mm)vertical clear space to the top of that tier of storage • Group A: • All conditions need 6 inches (150 mm) vertical clear space to the top of storage.

  30. Up to 25 feet (7.6 m) of Storage Example • Class IV stored 18 feet (5.5 m) high • Multiple-row racks, 15 feet (4.7 m)depth • Aisles are 6 feet (1.83 m) wide • Ceiling is 23 feet (7 m) high • High temperature standard spray ceiling sprinklers • Wet pipe system(s)

  31. Up to 25 feet (7.6 m) of Storage Solution • Table 16.2.1.3.3.2 is applicable.

  32. Up to 25 feet (7.6 m) of Storage Solution(continued) 1 level of in-rack sprinklers required 23 ft (7m) 18 ft (5.5 m) Half the height of storage 6 ft (1.8 m)

  33. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example • Class III on double-row racks stored to 35 feet (10.7 m) under a ceiling 40 feet (12.2 m) high. • Aisles are 4 feet (1.2 m) wide. • High temperature standard spray sprinklers will be used. • Wet pipe system

  34. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example • Section of Fig 16.3.1.1

  35. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example • Figure 16.3.4.1.1.1(d)

  36. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example Plan View – Ceiling Level Elevation View Rack Continues

  37. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example No sprinklers required at this level. Plan View 5-foot (1.5 m) Level Elevation View Rack Continues

  38. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example Plan View 10-foot (3 m) Level Elevation View Rack Continues

  39. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example No sprinklers required at this level. Plan View 15-foot (4.6 m) Level Elevation View Rack Continues

  40. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example Plan View 20-foot (6.1 m) Level Elevation View Rack Continues

  41. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example No sprinklers required at this level. Plan View 25-foot (7.6 m) Level Elevation View Rack Continues

  42. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example Plan View 30-foot (9.1 m) Level Elevation View Rack Continues

  43. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example No sprinklers required at this level. Plan View 25-foot (7.6 m) Level Elevation View Rack Continues

  44. 35-foot (10.6 m) Storage Example Plan View Ceiling Level Elevation View Rack Continues

  45. ESFR Ceiling System Example • 25-foot (7.6 m) storage of Class IV, unencapsulated • 42-foot (12.8 m) high ceiling • ESFR K-16.8 pendent sprinklers at the ceiling

  46. ESFR Ceiling System Solution 42 ft (12.8 m) 1 level of in-rack sprinklers required 25 ft (7.6 m) Half the height of storage

  47. ESFR Ceiling System Example 2 • 35-foot (10.6 m) storage of Class IV, unencapsulated • 42-foot (12.8 m) high ceiling • ESFR K-16.8 pendent sprinklers at the ceiling

  48. ESFR Ceiling System Solution 1 level of in-rack sprinklers required 35 ft (10.6 m) 42 ft (12.8 m) Half the height of storage

  49. ESFR Sprinklers with In-racks • When the storage is over 25 feet (7.6 m) high and ESFR sprinklers are used at the ceiling, in-rack sprinklers: • Must be K-8.0 • Quick response sprinklers • Ordinary temperature rating • Minimum 50 psi • Maximum horizontal spacing 5 feet (1.5 m)

  50. Things to Consider • If you’re not required to have longitudinal flue spaces and you’re required to have in-rack sprinklers, where to they go? • Go in transverse flue space and then 4 feet or 8 feet (1.2 m or 2.4 m) apart along the flue. Each flue or every other flue depends on the figures and guidelines of the hazards. • Any information on how far from the end of a rack sprinklers need to be? • Not stated in the standard. However, as long as face sprinklers are not needed, the unwritten guideline is half the allowable distance between the sprinklers.

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