Current Riser Subsea Technology Issues being addressed by MCS Dr Patrick O Brien, Director, MCS

2. Presentation Overview Fatigue of Flexible Pipe and Steel Tube Umbilical Risers Progress on recent development work Upcoming STU Prototype Testing Subsea Integrity Management The SCRIM Joint Industry Project Deepwater Pipelay analysis MCS Pleased to Sponsor the Technical Seminar Programme for Subsea Solutions 06 Importance of Paris as a hub for West of Africa business by our recent opening of an MCS Paris office

3. System Architecture: Girassol Subsea

4. Flexible Pipes and Steel Tube Umbilicals

5. Flexible Pipes and Steel Tube Umbilicals

6. Integrated Local-Global Modelling Stick-Slip Bending Armour / tube initially sticks on reverse bending Slip is inline with and transverse to lay-direction Hysteretic fatigue stress

7. Flexible Pipe and STU Fatigue Design MCS managed programmes Real Life JIP Emphasis on global analysis Interface between global and local pipe loads DTI – Fatigue Analysis Tool for Flexible Pipes Specifically established to embody methodologies recommended by Real Life JIP Focus on local pipe stress analysis Tensile armours Pressure armours Fatigue Life Testing of Steel Tube Umbilicals Jointly between MCS and COPPE Testing of manufacturer prototypes and model calibration

8. Wire or Tube Equations of EquilibriumHelically Wound Components Method of Solution Incremental curvature determines incremental non-slip axial stress Incremental non-slip axial stress determines incremental tangential shear, normal interface and tranverse shear stresses Check Coulomb law and gradually relax stresses while retaining equilibrium Wire curvatures from loxidromic / geodesic equations

9. Friction-Induced Stress MCS Structural Model for Friction – Irregular Loading

10. 3D (out-of-plane) Irregular Seas

11. Tensile Armour Stress Validation

12. Fatigue Analysis Highlights Closely integrated with global analysis Takes timetraces directly from the global analysis Tensions & component curvatures Regular or irregular responses Computes stress timetraces that are cycle (rainflow) counted Local analysis supports 3D bending of pipe / umbilical Fully accounts for global directionality Wire stress computed at several locations Economically processes several loadcases  Validated as part of the Real Life JIP Hysteresis effects applied to reduce conservatism In either a semi-local or global analysis

13. Hysteresis: Global Modelling Global modelling only takes the “plastic” slope

14. Hysteresis

15. Hysteresis Improves fatigue life by factors of over 5

16. Steel Tube Umbilical X-Section Analysis Similar Issues to Flexible Pipe Technology Helically Wound Components (Tubes/Armour Wires) Slip / No-Slip of Tubes Hysteresis Effects Complex 3D Global Motions / Loads Friction Issues Identical approach to global fatigue analysis

17. Steel Tube Umbilicals Some Key Differences to Flexible Pipe Technology Much Smaller Lay Angles (2º to 10º) More Complex and varied Cross-Sections Complex Contact Pressure Scenarios More Prone to Disorientation

18. MCS STU Technology Development Research Project – Fatigue Life Testing of Steel Tube Umbilicals Joint Project between MCS and COPPE COPPE - Graduate School and Research Institute from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Funding by Petrobras and Brazilian Government STU Samples from Marine Production Systems (Oceaneering Multiflex) and Prysmian (Pirelli)

19. COPPE Test Rig

20. Summary of STU Research Project Full Scale Dynamic Test of Two Samples Using COPPE’s test rig in Rio Global and Local Numerical Modelling of STUs Calibrate MCS Cross-Section Models against Test Results Preliminary Guidelines for Fatigue Analysis of STUs

21. Summary of STU Research Project (cont.) Project Schedule 12 month schedule May ’06 to April ‘07 Deliverables Qualify Two STU Designs Gather Full Scale Test Data Calibrate Models Preliminary Guidelines

22. Subsea Integrity Management Integrity management for subsea components evermore important Deep water, remote locations: cost of intervention High profile failure incidents around the world (Brazil, GOM) Gulf of Mexico Hurricane conditions in excess of 1000 year event Accelerated growth in use of Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) combined with uncertainty in design of SCRs Regulator framework for riser CVA from the MMS All leading to an increased focus on safety and integrity

23. SCR Integrity Management (SCRIM) JIP

24. SCRIM JIPPARTICIPANT STATUS Operators BP (Steering Committee Chair) ExxonMobil ChevronTexaco Petrobras Kerr McGee Anadarko Dominion BHP Billiton Transportation Companies Williams Contractors SBM Regulators Minerals Management Service Department of Transportation Component Suppliers Oil States Industries RTI Energy Systems Techlam Pipe Mill Tenaris

26. Developed with the Industry

27. State of the Art User Interface

28. Rollerbox Modelling Options

29. Applications Deep and shallow water pipeline installation analysis Start-up procedures: Sheave Stab and hinge over Dead man anchor Abandonment & Recovery In-line structure SCR transfer And more …

30. Conclusions Leading Edge Fatigue Methodology for Flexible Pipe and Steel Stube Umilical Risers Globally integrated stress methodology Much improved interface between global and local analyses Numerically efficient Generic equations to solve helically wound elements Ongoing full scale tests to validate and calibrate methodologies Subsea Integrity Mangement Industry iniative to develop methods for SCR integrity management  Pipelay analysis A new generation tool for dynamic pipelay analysis