THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

1. THE CIVIL WAR1861-1865 • Union vs Confederacy

2. States Union Confederacy 11 • 21

5. Economies Union Confederacy Agricultural w/ lots of cotton plantations • Industrial w/ lots of factories

7. Railroad Mileage Union Confederacy 100,000 miles • 1.4 million miles

8. Military Strengths Union Confederacy Military Colleges in South; better troops • Northern Manufacturing; more troops and resources

9. Military Leaders Union Confederacy Robert E Lee • Ulysses S Grant

10. Government Leaders Union Confederacy Jefferson Davis • Abraham Lincoln

11. Union Leaders

12. Abraham Lincoln • President of the US during the Civil War • Insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary.

13. Ulysses Grant • Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several Union commanders had failed.

14. Frederick Douglass He urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army.

15. 54th Massachusetts Regiment • The first black unit in the Union Army to see military action. • Most black units had non-combat roles

16. Confederate Leaders

17. Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America

18. Robert E. Lee • General of Confederate Army • Opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force • Refused to fight his home state, VA.

20. Union Advantages

22. Larger Population • More troops

24. More factories • More supplies (guns, railroads,weapons) • More money

25. Confederate Advantages

26. Military Colleges in South • Better Generals & Soldiers • Fighting for “freedom” (stronger will to win)

27. Battles and Their Results

28. Fort Sumter (April 1861) • Charleston Harbor (SC) • Opening confrontation of the Civil War (Confederate Victory)

29. Bull Run (Manassas, July 1861) • Demonstrated that war would not end quickly • Confederate victory

30. Antietam / Sharpsburg (Sept 1862) • This Union victory led to the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. • Protected DC from South • Bloodiest day of war

31. Gettysburg (July 1863) Union victory and turning point of the war. Most Northern battle of war

32. Gettysburg (July 1863) Bloodiest battle of War Lincoln dedicated a national cemetery here and gave the famous “Gettysburg Address.”

33. Sherman’s march to the sea (Summer 1864) • Gen. Sherman led a march through the South • He burned every city and farm he passed through • Wanted to cripple the Southern economy

34. April 2, 1865 • Richmond falls to Union General Grant • Jeff Davis escapes to NC

35. Appomattox Court House (April 1865) • Lee surrenders to Grant • Lee urged southerners (Jeff Davis) to accept defeat • Officially ended war

36. End of Civil War

37. Economic cost • Over $20 billion spent

38. Economic and Social Impact of War

39. Northern economy grew 50% • Industries increased production to create material for war • North and Midwest emerged with strong and growing industrial economies

40. Northern economy grew 50% • Set the stage for the emergence of the US as a global power by the beginning of the 20th century. • Completion of the transcontinental railroad intensified the westward movement of settlers

41. South left embittered and devastated by war. • Farms, railroads, factories destroyed (2/3rd of all wealth) • Agricultural labor system destroyed • Many freedmen (former slaves) migrated north and west • Disorganized society

42. South left embittered and devastated by war. • Shortage of food, shelter and jobs • Richmond and Atlanta in ruins • Will remain a backward, agriculture-based economy and the poorest section of the nation for many decades

43. Political Results • Established power of Republican Party • Strengthened concept of “union” • North dominated government • Led to emergence of powerful Democratic Party in South (the “Solid South”)