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CELL PARTS

CELL PARTS. Chapter 7. Nuclear envelope. Nucleus. Chromatin. Nucleolus. Plasma membrane. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Cytosol. Lysosome. Figure 3.2: Structure of the generalized cell ,. Mitochondrion. Centrioles. Rough endoplasmic reticulum. Centrosome matrix. Ribosomes.

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CELL PARTS

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  1. CELL PARTS Chapter 7

  2. Nuclear envelope Nucleus Chromatin Nucleolus Plasma membrane Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Cytosol Lysosome Figure 3.2: Structure of the generalized cell, Mitochondrion Centrioles Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centrosome matrix Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Microvilli Secretion being released from cell by exocytosis Microfilament Microtubule Intermediate filaments Peroxisome

  3. Plasma Membrane Glycoprotein Glycolipid Extracellular fluid (watery environment) Cholesterol Outward-facing layer of phospholipids Carbohydrate of glycocalyx Polar heads of phospholipid molecules Bimolecular lipid layer containing proteins Inward-facing layer of phospholipids Nonpolar tails of phospholipid molecules Peripheral protein Integral proteins Filaments of cytoskeleton Cytoplasm (watery environment)

  4. Nuclear envelope Condensed chromatin Nucleus Nucleolus The nucleus Pores Cisternae of rough ER (a)

  5. Smooth ER Nuclear envelope endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes Rough ER Ribosomes (a) + Small subunit Large subunit Functional ribosome Rough ER with bound ribosomes Smooth ER (b) (c)

  6. Cis face— “receiving” side of Golgi apparatus Transport vesicle from rough ER Golgi apparatus Cisternae New vesicles forming Golgi apparatus (b) New vesicles forming Trans face— “shipping” side of Golgi apparatus Transport vesicle from the Golgi Secretory vesicle from trans face Transport vesicle from the Golgi (a)

  7. Rough ER Cisterna Proteins in cisterna Phagosome Membrane Vesicle Distribution of Proteins Lysosomes containing acid hydrolase enzymes Vesicle incorporated into plasma membrane Pathway 3 Coatomer coat Golgi apparatus Pathway 2 Secretory vesicles Pathway 1 Plasma membrane Proteins Secretion by exocytosis Extracellular fluid

  8. Outer mitochondrial membrane Mitochondrion. Ribosome Mitochondrial DNA Inner mitochondrial membrane Cristae Matrix Enzymes (a) (b)

  9. Nuclear envelope Smooth ER Nucleus Lysosome Lysosome, Vacuole Rough ER Golgi apparatus Vacuole Plasma membrane Transport vesicle

  10. Peroxisome • Breaks down H2O2

  11. Cytoskeleton Actin subunit 7 nm (a) Microfilament Fibrous subunits 10 nm (b) Intermediate filament

  12. Cytoskeleton Tubulin subunits 25 nm (c) Microtubule

  13. Microvilli Tight junction Interlocking junctional proteins Desmosome Intercellular space Cell junctions allow cells to function as tissues (a) Tight junction Intercellular space Plasma membranes of adjacent cells Intermediate filament Gap junction Plaque Extracellular space between cells Underlying basement membrane Channel between cells (connexon) Linker proteins (b) Desmosome Intercellular space (c) Gap junction

  14. Figure 3.5a

  15. Figure 3.5b

  16. Figure 3.5c

  17. Plasmodesmata • Channels between adjacent cells used for circulatory and communication system in plant cells

  18. Communicating Junction • Allow water and small molecules to flow between neighboring cells

  19. Vacuoles • Animal - small • Plant – large central

  20. Chloroplasts • Convert light energy into sugars in plants and some protists

  21. Cell Wall • In plants, fungi, and some protists

  22. Centrosome matrix Centrioles Centrioles – in animal cells Microtubules (a) (b) (c)

  23. Power stroke Recovery stroke Outer doublet microtubules Dynein arms Plasma membrane Cilia structure and function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cilium (b) Ciliary motion Central microtubules Cell surface Layer of mucus Central microtubules Outer doublet microtubules Plasma membrane Basal body (centriole) (a) Cilium (c) Movement of mucus across cell surfaces

  24. Flagella

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