Biochemistry: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids Overview

1. Bellwork: 9/14 Put your phone up  Week 9/10-9/14 What 3 foods had the highest amount of protein? What is the least complex protein structure called? What is the most complex protein structure called?

2. Today: • Unit 2, pt. 4 notes • Macromolecules lab • Unit 2, pt. 5 notes

3. Materials • Unit 2 book • Macromolecule lab packet

4. Homework • None 

5. Unit 2: Biochemistry • Matter • Organic Compounds • Carbohydrates* • Lipids* • Proteins* • Enzymes* • Nucleic Acids • Biochemical Reactions • Water* • Acids* • Bases*

6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpBAmzQ_pUE • Unit 2: Biochemistry

8. Lipids

9. What kind of foods contain high amounts of fat?

10. What kind of foods contain high amounts of fat?

11. Lipids • Lipid: an organic compound such as fat or oil • Organisms use lipids to store energy • Consist of repeating units called fatty acids • 2 types of fatty acids: • Saturated • Unsaturated

12. Saturated • Saturated Fatty Acids: carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible • This causes the molecules to form straight chains

13. Saturated • The straight chains can be packed together very tightly • This allows them to store energy in a compact form • Saturated fatty acids are solid @ room temperature

14. Saturated

15. Can you think of any saturated fats?

17. What health problems could arise from eating too many saturated fats?

18. Unsaturated • Unsaturated Fatty Acids: carbon atoms that are not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible • Instead, they are bonded to other groups of atoms • This causes their chains to bend/kink

19. Unsaturated • Bent chains cannot be packed together very tightly • Therefore, they are liquids at room temperature • Plants use unsaturated fatty acids to store energy

20. Unsaturated

21. Can you think of any unsaturated fats?

23. Types of Lipids • Lipids may consist of ONLY fatty acids or they can contain other molecules too

24. Types of Lipids • Some lipids contain alcohol or phosphate groups • They include: • Triglycerides • Phospholipids • Steroids

25. Triglycerides • Main form of stored energy in animals

26. Phospholipids • Major components of cell membranes

27. Steroids • Serve as chemical messengers

29. Lipid Test

30. Nucleic Acids

31. Has anyone heard this term before? If so, where?

33. Nucleic Acids • Nucleic Acid: organic compound • DNA or RNA • Built of small units called nucleotides • Polynucleotide: chain of nucleotides bound together • DNA: 2 polynucleotide chains • RNA: 1 polynucleotide chain

34. Structure • Nucleotides consist of: • Sugar • Phosphate Group • Nitrogen Base

35. Structure • The sugar of one nucleotide binds to the phosphate group from the next nucleotide • Sugar & Phosphate molecules alternate (s,p,s,p,s,p,s,p,…) to form the backbone of the nucleotide chain

36. Structure • 4 different types of bases: • DNA: Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), Thymine (T) • RNA: Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), Uracil (U)

37. Structure • In DNA, bonds form between bases on the 2 nucleotide chains & hold the chains together

38. Structure • Only cytosine and guanine bind together (G+C) • Only adenine and thymine bind together (A+T) • These pairs of bases are called complementary base pairs

39. Structure • The binding of complementary bases allows DNA molecules to take their well known shape • DOUBLE HELIX • Double helix shape forms naturally and is very strong • Makes 2 polynucleotide chains vey difficult to break apart

40. Structure

41. Roles • DNA is found in genes! • Sequence of nitrogen bases that makes up a code • Carries the information for the construction of proteins

42. Roles • Information in DNA passes from parent cell to daughter cell when cells divide • Information in DNA is passed from parents to offspring when organisms reproduce • This is how inherited characteristics as passed from one generation to the next • GENETICS!! 