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Investigate the changes from birth through old age, focusing on children’s cognitive development. Learn about reflexes, teratogens, research methods, prenatal development, and infant cognition milestones.
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Developmental Psychology • the study of the changes that occur in people from birth through old age.
People interested in children’s thinking and developments ask themselves the following questions: • What is the starting point of infant’s thinking? • What are the weigh stations along the way? • How do I move from one place to the next? • What if anything, do infants come into the world with?
If an experimenter sticks out his/ her tongue, an infant would do what?
Do children have special peaks of talents and are they connected to other parts of the child’s psyche?
Show a child: Three Little Sheep Point & Read the words Have the child “read” what they see… what would they say?
Show a child: “Three Little” Have the child “read” what they see… what would they say?
Show a child: “Three” • Have the child “read” what they see… what would they say?
Is development always linear up and onward? ? Development Age
Is development always linear up and onward? + = 1 part sugar 2 parts water 1 part sugar 2 parts water
Is development always linear up and onward? • Young child says they are the same • Middle age kids say they are not the same • Older kids say they are the same
Developmental Research Methods • The methods used to study developmental psych. are the same that we have studied: • Naturalistic observation • Correlation • Case-studies • experimental
Developmental Research Methods Cross sectional study- testing people of different ages may study the development of logical thought by testing 6 year olds, 9 year olds, 12 year olds to measure the differences in age groups
Cross sectional study- • Problems with this type of study: Cohort
Longitudinal study • longitudinal studies study the same group of kids two or more times as they get older • the researcher would start out with a single group of 6 year olds, then study the same kids at 9 and 12
Longitudinal study • Problems: • Can take a long time • Expensive • Drop out rate • Subjects move, die, etc.
Retrospective Study (or biographical study) • Researcher starts with someone older and has the person think backwards
Retrospective Study (or biographical study) • Problems: • Memory • Can forget • Reconstructive memory
Prenatal Development • Development from conception to birth- the fertilized egg begins to divide and in nine months it becomes a human- issue: at what point? • Dividing cells form a hollow ball which implants itself in the wall of a uterus
Prenatal Development • 2 weeks- the cells begin to specialize • Some will form the baby’s internal organs, some bones, others nervous system organism now called an embryo • 3 months after conception, embryo stage ends and fetus begins- hardly more than an inch in length- resembles a human can move like a human • -embryo and fetus are nourished by an organ called the placenta- within the placenta the mother’s blood vessels transmit nutritional substances to the embryo and carry away waste products
Ted talk: start @ 7-4:30https://www.ted.com/talks/alexander_tsiaras_conception_to_birth_visualized#t-301828Conception to birth: start @ 1:19 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OD1gW88Lm-Y
Reflexes • rooting reflex causes a newborn, when touched on the cheek, to turn its head in that direction and grope around with its mouth
Reflexes • sucking reflex causes the newborn to suck on anything that is placed in its mouth • swallowing reflex enables it to swallow liquids without choking
Reflexes • grasping reflex causes a newborn to close its fist around anything that is put in its hand
Reflexes • stepping reflex causes the newborn to make little stepping motions if held upright with its feet just touching a surface
