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Categories of Biological Classification

Categories of Biological Classification. Section 14.1. Taxonomy. The science of naming and classifying organisms Until the mid-1700s, biologists named an organism by adding descriptive phrases to its common name.

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Categories of Biological Classification

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  1. Categories of Biological Classification Section 14.1

  2. Taxonomy • The science of naming and classifying organisms • Until the mid-1700s, biologists named an organism by adding descriptive phrases to its common name. • Common names are confusing – because of different languages & different place names

  3. Binomial Nomenclature: • In the 1700s, a Swedish biologist CarlLinnaeus developed a scientific system of naming to solve problems with common names. • Binomial nomenclature – two-name naming system • Now used by scientists everywhere.

  4. Scientific Names: • The unique two-part name for a species (binomial nomenclature). • The first word is the genus - a taxonomic category containing similar species. • The second word is the species – a group of similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring. • Both names are in Latin – the universal language of science. • This genus name is always capitalized; the species name is always lower case. • Both names are either written in italics or underlined.

  5. Grouping Organisms: • Linnaeus had a system of classification for plants and animals only - no bacteria, fungi, or protists. • His system was based only on the organism’s looks. • Modern taxonomy has expanded this system: we have more kingdoms & use relationships to classify groups.

  6. Modern groupings, from most inclusive to least inclusive: • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  7. Biological Hierarchy of Classification

  8. Classification Hierarchy of Organisms

  9. Classification of a Bee

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