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Learn the definitions, properties, and reactions of acids and bases. Understand strong versus weak acids and bases, Bronsted and Arrhenius definitions, and the concepts of proton donors and acceptors.
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Acids Lesson 4 Acid and Base Definitions
Acid and Base Definitions Bronsted Arrhenius Acid Base Acid Base proton donor proton acceptor ionizes to H+ ionizes to OH- Strong means completely. Weakmeans partially.
Definitions 1. Strong Arrhenius Acid- completely ionizes in water to H+ HCl H+ + Cl- 2. Strong Bronsted Acid- completely donates a proton to a base HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-
3. Strong Arrhenius Base- completely ionizes in water to OH- KOH K+ + OH- 4. Strong Bronsted Base- completely accepts a proton from an acid NH2- + H2O NH3 + OH-
5. Weak Arrhenius Acid- partially ionizes in water to H+ HF ⇄H+ + F- 6. Weak Bronsted Acid- partially donates a proton to a base HF + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + F-
7. Weak Arrhenius Base- partially ionizes in water to OH- Zn(OH)2 ⇄Zn2+ + 2OH- 8. Weak Bronsted Base- partially accepts a proton from an acid NH3 + H2O ⇄ NH4+ + OH-
Acids Bases Is NH3 an acid or a base in water? Base- it is closer to the strong bases than strong acids
Memorize the following NH3 is a weak base when in water NH4+is a weak acid H2O is an acid when with a base and a base when with an acid and is amphiprotic H2O is always neutral when pure Write a reaction showing water acting as an base H2O + HIO3 ⇄NH4+ + OH- Write a reaction showing water acting as a acid H2O + NH3 ⇄H3O+ + IO3-
Acid Anhydride Means anAcid without water Add waterand you get anacid They are nonmetal oxides Add water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify SO2 + H2O H2SO3 CO2 + H2O H2CO3 N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6 2HNO3
Cl2O7 + H2O H2Cl2O8 2HClO4 C2O3 + H2O H2C2O4 H2I2O6 2HIO3 I2O5 + H2O
Basic anhydride Means a base without water Add water and you get a base- OH style They are metal oxides Add water Add the H's and O's Make a base- start with a metal K2O + H2O 2KOH CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 Na2O + H2O 2NaOH BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2
Classify each formula and write an equation. strong acid weak acid strong base weak base acid anhydride basic anhydride. HNO3 CO2 Mg(OH)2 H2C2O4 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3- Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3- Strong Base Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2OH- H2C2O4 ⇄ H+ + HC2O4- Weak Acid
Classify each formula and write an equation. strong acid weak acid strong base weak base acid anhydride basic anhydride. Rb2O Basic Anhydride Rb2O + H2O 2RbOH RbOH Rb+ + OH- NH2- Strong base NH2- + H2O NH3 + OH- CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH- NaOH Na+ + OH- NaOH Strong base