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Understanding Acid and Base Definitions - Lesson 4

Learn the definitions, properties, and reactions of acids and bases. Understand strong versus weak acids and bases, Bronsted and Arrhenius definitions, and the concepts of proton donors and acceptors.

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Understanding Acid and Base Definitions - Lesson 4

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  1. Acids Lesson 4 Acid and Base Definitions

  2. Acid and Base Definitions Bronsted Arrhenius Acid Base Acid Base proton donor proton acceptor ionizes to H+ ionizes to OH- Strong means completely. Weakmeans partially.

  3. Definitions 1. Strong Arrhenius Acid- completely ionizes in water to H+ HCl  H+ + Cl- 2. Strong Bronsted Acid- completely donates a proton to a base HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-

  4. 3. Strong Arrhenius Base- completely ionizes in water to OH- KOH  K+ + OH- 4. Strong Bronsted Base- completely accepts a proton from an acid NH2- + H2O  NH3 + OH-

  5. 5. Weak Arrhenius Acid- partially ionizes in water to H+ HF ⇄H+ + F- 6. Weak Bronsted Acid- partially donates a proton to a base HF + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + F-

  6. 7. Weak Arrhenius Base- partially ionizes in water to OH- Zn(OH)2 ⇄Zn2+ + 2OH- 8. Weak Bronsted Base- partially accepts a proton from an acid NH3 + H2O ⇄ NH4+ + OH-

  7. Acids Bases Is NH3 an acid or a base in water? Base- it is closer to the strong bases than strong acids

  8. Memorize the following NH3 is a weak base when in water NH4+is a weak acid H2O is an acid when with a base and a base when with an acid and is amphiprotic H2O is always neutral when pure Write a reaction showing water acting as an base H2O + HIO3 ⇄NH4+ + OH- Write a reaction showing water acting as a acid H2O + NH3 ⇄H3O+ + IO3-

  9. Acid Anhydride Means anAcid without water Add waterand you get anacid They are nonmetal oxides Add water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify SO2 + H2O  H2SO3 CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 N2O5 + H2O  H2N2O6  2HNO3

  10. Cl2O7 + H2O  H2Cl2O8  2HClO4 C2O3 + H2O  H2C2O4  H2I2O6  2HIO3 I2O5 + H2O

  11. Basic anhydride Means a base without water Add water and you get a base- OH style They are metal oxides Add water Add the H's and O's Make a base- start with a metal K2O + H2O  2KOH CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2 Na2O + H2O  2NaOH BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2

  12. Classify each formula and write an equation. strong acid weak acid strong base weak base acid anhydride basic anhydride. HNO3 CO2 Mg(OH)2 H2C2O4 Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3- Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3- Strong Base Mg(OH)2  Mg2+ + 2OH- H2C2O4 ⇄ H+ + HC2O4- Weak Acid

  13. Classify each formula and write an equation. strong acid weak acid strong base weak base acid anhydride basic anhydride. Rb2O Basic Anhydride Rb2O + H2O  2RbOH RbOH  Rb+ + OH- NH2- Strong base NH2- + H2O NH3 + OH- CN- Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH- NaOH  Na+ + OH- NaOH Strong base

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