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Beyond Fluorescence Line Height – Making sense of chlorophyll fluorescence

Beyond Fluorescence Line Height – Making sense of chlorophyll fluorescence. Ru Morrison ( Ru.Morrison@unh.edu ) Mike Behrenfeld ( behrenfm@science.oregonstate.edu ). You can’t see a whale from space but you can see …. Seeing inside phytoplankton from space. Outline.

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Beyond Fluorescence Line Height – Making sense of chlorophyll fluorescence

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  1. Beyond Fluorescence Line Height – Making sense of chlorophyll fluorescence Ru Morrison (Ru.Morrison@unh.edu) Mike Behrenfeld (behrenfm@science.oregonstate.edu)

  2. You can’t see a whale from space but you can see … Seeing inside phytoplankton from space

  3. Outline • What is phytoplankton fluorescence? • The current fluorescence paradox • Fluorescence variability • Games of chance • Changing the odds – 2003, 2008, 2009 • What fluorescence can do • What fluorescence can’t do • What we need to do!

  4. Fluorescence Line Height Fluorescence Efficiency or quantum yield, φf ratio of photons out to in What is phytoplankton fluorescence?

  5. The Fluorescence Paradox • Two potential and mutually incompatible uses • Abundance - need constant fluorescence efficiency • Physiology - need variable fluorescence efficiency.

  6. Fluorescence variability – games of chance • Fluorescence comes from PSII (mainly) • Φf = chance getting an absorbed photon to PSII and then back out again • Variability comes from quenching • Photochemical quenching (qP) • Non-photochemical quenching • Antennae quenching (qE) • PSII RC downregulation / damage (qI) • Changes in proportion of PSII to total absorption

  7. Changing the odds - 2003 PQ NPQ NPQ Dominates in Satellite Derived measurements Energy Dependent Quenching – decreases φf with increasing irradiance PSII downregulation (photoinhibition) – suppresses φf at all irradiances Quantum Yield of Fluorescence Scalar Irradiance from Morrison L&O, 2003

  8. Changing the odds – 2008 Behrenfeld et al., BGD, 2009

  9. Nutrient stress Behrenfeld et al., BGD, 2009 But Schallenberg et al. (2008) suggested macronutrient stress increased φf with unbalanced growth conditions

  10. Detection of iron stress effects. Behrenfeld et al., BGD, 2009

  11. Changing the odds - 2009

  12. Gulf of Maine case Study Climatologies (2004-2007)

  13. Gulf of Maine case Study Climatologies (2004-2007) Dec Jan

  14. Gulf of Maine case Study Climatologies (2004-2007) Jan Dec

  15. Seasonal Climatology

  16. Basin Scale Patterns Goodwin et al., 2009

  17. Timing of stratification onset and spring bloom

  18. What can Fluorescence do • Give insights into phytoplankton physiology • Iron stress • Photocompensation / acclimation with growth irradiance that incorporates hydrodynamics

  19. What Fluorescence can’t do • Abundance apart from geographically and spatially limited studies.

  20. What do we need to do? • Minimize calibration uncertainties in the FLH product • Develop operational φf product • Investigate the heck out of it in-light of these recent insights. • With current missions • How do you separate nutrient and photoacclimation effects? • For upcoming missions (GEOCAPE interesting)

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